Foreign Architecture in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Foreign Architecture in chinaware - Essay ExampleThe lack of handed-down Chinese form in any unique(predicate) region and the ability of architects to reform Chinas urban landscape using experimental contrives are attractive to architects (Moller 2004 p 1). Chinas architectural practices since the 1950s have been built heavily from Western influences, and most of the urbanised architecture from 1950 to 1970 was inherently knowing and constructed by Russian builders (Moller 2004 p 1). Chinas spending on construction ranks only behind the United States and Japans and is developing the fastest of the top ten spenders, at 8-9 percent annually. Remarkably, given Chinas cultural pride, most of the highest-profile projects now afoot(predicate) in Beijing were designed by contrary celebrities (Economist ed 2004 p 63).The influx of foreign architects in Beijing has incited controversy amongst Chinese nationals. Zhou Ganzhi, portion of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese A cademy of Engineering, says, No other country has opened its architectural design market to the world as wide as China. The rise of pan-internationalism threatens the distinctiveness of Chinese cities, making architectural evaluation difficult (Hong 2005 p 15).The general consensus amongst critics of ... Is the metier of China ThreatenedThe influx of foreign architects in Beijing has incited controversy amongst Chinese nationals. Zhou Ganzhi, member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, says, No other country has opened its architectural design market to the world as wide as China. The rise of pan-internationalism threatens the distinctiveness of Chinese cities, making architectural evaluation difficult (Hong 2005 p 15). The general consensus amongst critics of foreign and Western architecture in Beijing, China is that it removes the traditional and regional identity. Yung Ho Chang, architect, states that Chinese and Asian cities have a lack of clear traditional urban structures this introverted quality is at odds with a modern lifestyle and the openness demanded by a highly developed commercial society (Moller 2004 p 1). Chinas biggest cities are struggling to balance modern design with their historical structures (Mcguigan, Lin-lui and Mooney 2003 p56). Wu Chen, a traditional Chinese architect states Beijing has become an experimental site for foreign architects (Hong 2005 p 14). Beijing has changed beyond recognition, losing the traditional Chinese forms and incorporating more global influences and talents who have been drawn to China in the building effort of Beijing officials (Mcguigan, Lin-lui and Mooney 2003 p56).Review of Relevant LiteratureEach resource in this research essay has been verified as either a foreign architect working in China, or a Chinese architect. For example, Xuefei Ren received a PhD at the University of Chicago and has published several texts on urban planning (Ren 2006 p 1) Web sites of the ac tual architects (verified by name, address and

Standardization of Accounting Regulations Essay

Standardization of explanation Regulations - Essay ExampleAs a result of this, the effect of calibration of bill must be regarded beyond capital market settings therefore, these effects should also be examined on other beas, including flows of information, policies and peck.Although the way standardization of business relationship affects accounting information more especially on the internet is rather vague, these transfers ar comparatively unstructured and unregulated in current accounting practices. However, technologies in accounting ar legitimizing certain sets of information, and unfold attention to certain voices in the quest for global attention. (Graham & Neu, 2003) Such a body is the Organization for economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), it assist the international government activitys handle tackle the economic, social, and governance challenges of a global economy. They scrutinize government and help examine such performance indicators as laundering, tr ansportation, and pension. Also, they help to review process performance measurements both(prenominal) to observe and to direct government performance. The funding of internet information is provided largely by the U.S Department of abnegation in the 1970s and 1980s, for the purpose of developing advance communications networks linking the U.S. militaries and universities, this is shaped by standardized accounting in the development of informational skillful infrastructure. Some other agencies that have helped fund Internet communication, like (The home(a) Science Foundation and the Advanced Research Projects Agency) have also relied on accounting technologies to balance technical and economic goals. (Graham & Neu, 2003) Flow of policyStandardization of accounting has also helped to regulate foreign policies accounting practices are most times imposed on distant sites. By and through the terms of lending conditionality, the receiving counties are coerced, albeit co-operatively, to adopt and accept mainstream neo-liberal financial policies. This scenario is evident in most third world where they are do to abide by the conditions of the lending countries. And I such cases financial tending is given by IMF. bill technologies make visible certain problems, offer certain solutions, and make these solutions operational. In most cases, practices from international sources are thus mixed with resident financial practices of the country in concern so that the problem could be solved. Ultimately, this flow of policies will produced economic survival. Flow of peopleThe standardization of Accounting has helped to keep track of people as they move from area to area. Movement of people are monitored and analyzed as they cross borders, and accounting is deemed to be a major player in the immigration policies and practices of many countries. For instance, an accounting system which manages loans to immigrants is in operation Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada ( CIC) makes loans to immigrants in order to assist them in various ways, and such includes transportation, proving admissibility, and general assistance (Government of Canada, 2003, as cited in Graham & Neu, 2003). Thus, the movement of people into Canada are enabled and enhanced by accounting technologies. more(prenominal) also, these people are monito

Evidence-Based Pharmacology Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Evidence-Based Pharmacology - Research Paper ExamplePneumonia is a disease that indicates towards the subversive condition of lungs. It can be further elaborated that the infection in the lung tissue is regard as a state of pneumonia. During the attacks of pneumonia, a lung does not function properly that is likely to cause risk on the health of concerned person. People are affected by pneumonia due to a large be of reasons such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, idiopathic as healthy as parasites. In this regard, the diagnosis of pneumonia is referred to as substantial for the providing an effective give-and-take to the patients. Pneumonia can be diagnosed by evaluating the tokens and signs of an acute lower respiratory tract infection. Besides, the symptom of pneumonia can also be identified through a chest X-ray that that is effective in examining any kind of infections (Lutfiyya, Henley, Chang & Reyburn, 2008). Initially the treatment of Community- acquired Pneumonia (CAP) depend ent on the physical examination, laboratory results as well as characteristics of patients. However, the treatment of pneumonia has identified the need of hospitalization for medical aid. There are two types of pneumonia treatment process that are outpatient and inpatient treatment. Specifically, mentioning that the treatment of the diseases is highly depending upon types of pneumonia. The medical practitioners suggest patients to fine-tune antibiotics for treating pneumonia effectively (Caballero & Rello, 2011).

Oil and Gas Extraction Accident Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oil and bollocks Extraction Accident - Essay ExampleMoreover, numerous permits have been granted for assessment of mineral resources in the territorial waters allowing energy companies and international fisheries to move their activities into increasingly deeper waters. However, such activities increase the possibilities of accidents and disasters that can fount far-reaching impacts on sea ecosystems (Hsing,Fu,Larcom,Berlet,Shank,2013). Thus, on April 2010 in the northern Gulf of Mexico, there emerged an accident that released four billion barrels of petroleum from Deepwater Horizon drilling rig to the Gulf of Mexico through the next month of the aforesaid(prenominal) year. While oil on the surface was removed by different cleanup operations, over thirty percent of the hydrocarbons were drowned in deep-sea plumes. As a result, the Deepwater Horizon blowout actually caused two incidents. First, the oil spill on surface influenced the deepwater plume with chronic subsurface effects and second, mid-water plankton and a variety of mid-water species, as well as the shores to which the oil spill came, were seriously damaged (Montagna PA, Baguley JG, Cooksey C, Hartwell I, Hyde LJ, et al. (2013). On April 20, 2010, the crew of the Deepwater Horizon was preparing to passing abandon BPs Macondo discovery. The well had reached a depth. The final string of production had been put in the mint and cemented in place. Mud had been lost to the reservoir while drilling the bottom portion of the well. It is difficult to have a good cement seal between the casing and the formation and it is impossible to provide the competency of the cement seal without running a cement- bond log. The cement contained a nitrogen additive to guide it lighter. Gas from the reservoir may have further diluted the viscosity of the cement. The workers waitedfor the cement to dryhe crew began displacing the drilling mud in the wellbore and riser with sea water.

Marketing Initiatives for Cerebral Palsy League Essay

Marketing Initiatives for noetic paralysis League - Essay ExampleWhen looking at the Cerebral palsy League, there is a specific association with changing the website to promote the services and efforts of the company. This paper give examine the efforts of the League with their online presence and the association which is a part of the new initiatives for the League. This consists of changing the performance levels with the e-marketing commingle and the association that is a part of the website navigation and performance. Table of Contents Introduction..4 Background of the Cerebral paralyse League...4 Problems with the Company and Online Presence..5 Goals and Objectives...5 Target Marketing Strategy...6 Price.7 Place.8 Promotion.9 crop...11 Monitoring and Evaluation11 Budget12 Conclusion.13 References..14 Introduction Reaching to the right manoeuver market through a website changes the association which many have to a specific organization. For a non make organization, this shows the validity of the program and the organization which it carries. Without the right website admittance there is the inability to create the right approach to the of necessity of the consumer. The Cerebral Palsy League is a non gain website which requires a plan that approaches the necessary needs of consumers while offering more interaction with those visiting the website. Planning and identifying new e-marketing considerations allows the customers to have a varied approach to the presence while attracting more individuals that recognize the legitimacy of the website while having a stronger foundation of self-assurance when working with the organization. Background of The Cerebral Palsy League The Cerebral Palsy League is a non profit organization located in Australia. The main goal is to assist children and adults who are suffering from Cerebral Palsy and other related physical disabilities. Currently the League supports over 5,000 families with support and services du ring each signifier of Cerebral Palsy. The services provided by the company include incorporating basic motor skills, such as walking, lecture and other movements. This expands into other alternatives for education and learning and creating alternatives to live independently. The combined goals are incorporative of personal dispense with technologies, equipment and personal relationships in the League. The goals that are associated with the website include three calls to action with clients who need assistance, support with donations and referrals to health practitioners, clients and families (Cerebral Palsy League, 2011). Problems with the Company and Online Presence The concepts that are associated with the Cerebral Palsy League are able to help with a variety of services and areas of support. The importance of this is one which the League

Gay Marriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gay jointure - Research Paper ExampleIt also questions various ethical, social, cultural, and in fact, physical or naturally-occurring norms. In the durable run, these problems and conceptual disagreement may pose great negative impacts on the generations to come. The cynical effects of allowing light marriages are so diverse that it will not be appropriate to overlook them. This paper is an hear to unveil those significant matters, conceptual deviations and complications that this issue entails. To derive a fair conclusion, the thesis will be evaluated on numerous notable aspects affiliated with homosexualism. Gay marriage is an unnatural union Michael Levin, a celebrated author and professor of psychology at City University of New York, stated that Homosexual activists are uncomplete to genetic explanations and hostile to Freudian environmentalism (Levin 235). The point cannot be denied that the relationship shared by gays is unnatural and defies the laws of disposition to procreate, which produces profound impact on their family and a question mark on socially accepted sexual activity roles. Gay Marriage refers to the union of two homosexual males who are unsure about their sexual penchant and decide to receive social acceptance for their relationship through a legal agreement. The unsettlement or scruple of their sexual orientation is caused by numerous factors such as biological, but societal interferences and early-childhood experiences greatly form a persons sexual preferences afterwards. Hence, it can be stated that not all homosexuals are born with this shape of inclination, and it is not always genetic. (Barlow and Durand 351) Furthermore, even if it is genetic, it is curable through modern therapeutic techniques. Clinicians evidently agree that it is realistic for a person to be homosexual at one period of his life and heterosexual at another, revealed Levin (235). What makes the homosexual urge unnatural is that procreation is the main task God created mankind for, and only that put to work can be termed as natural which functions the way it has been designed for (McDowell 1201). If homosexuality prevails, encouraged and promoted in society, and so the very essence of life gets betrayed, and the world will be exempt of life in no time. Moreover, homosexuality cannot be included in the natural category since it upholds personal pleasure, and homosexuals can be referred to as people caring less about society and only about their satisfaction. Patrick Buchanan rightly proclaims that the poor homosexuals- they harbor declared war upon nature, and now nature is exacting an awful retribution (Wells 259). Moreover, unlike lesbians, gays cannot even hold artificial methods for the sake of procreation. Ryan Normandin, editor of The Tech, researched about this aspect and concluded that Same-sex couples are unable to procreate, meaning that thither is no compelling interest to subsidize their marriages (5). There is an important point for governments to understand in this statement. That is, when supporters of homosexuality propagate that attainment of enhanced happiness should be the central focus of allowing gay marriage it gives stick up to the debate on subsidizing everything that promotes happiness. It can be anything, from a simple item like chocolate to human-pet marriage, incest, miscarriage or even brother-sister marriage. Homosexuality is a psychological

The Problem of Evil in a Divinely Created Reality Essay

The Problem of Evil in a Divinely Created Reality - Essay ExampleSo, why do animals should feel put out and excruciation? Why humanity have to feel pain and suffering, even if their grand grandm separate Eve was tempted by the D malefic and now other masses have to pay for her sins? Is paragon so cruel that he can non forgive and forget? Why did he create a divine world, full of glory and devote if it is accessible only for those people, who did not make any sins? Evil is juxtaposition to deity. If there was no mephistophelean, people would not be able to compare it with the goodness or deity. Moreover, God created Heaven and Hell, life on the Earth and afterlife. There is an evident binary development of divine reality. Moreover, there are two founts of evil moral and physical. When committing a moral evil, a human being is committing it go outfully (abortion, theft, murder etc) when committing physical evil, a human being commits it in the result of natural harm (such as f amine, illness etc). The question is what for God created virtuously ill people or people, who are able to act in a morally evil way (Rachels and Rachels, 2008). Still, humans make their choice themselves. Moral evil is not instilled into people by God. God gives humans an opportunity to make a choice whether to commit evil or not it is a test for morality and spiritual obedience. Therefore, moral evil is the result of our choice and it is another attitude of free will. Every person can make his own choice how to live, how to behave and if to commit evil or not. And of course, the further life of the person depends on the choice made. There are many other questions with respect to this issue, which deserve special attention and should be discussed. Now, let us consider whether suffering and pain are the same or different for people and animals (DeGrazia and Rowan, 1991). First of all, let us discard the opinion that God is blamed for the existence of evil in the world. There was a n blueprint creation of moral agents of God, who would purportedly create evil, but still these agents exist and for their evil deeds they suffer or experience pain. quite a little may experience either physiological or psychological pain. These types of pain are different. The former physique of pain can be experienced by both humans and animals, while the second type of pain can be experienced only by humans. The concept of suffering has a to a greater extent general meaning and it encompasses negative content of unpleasant emotions, anxiety, anger, fear, confusion etc (Derbyshire and Jones, 2011). Though suffering can be experienced without pain, it may trigger numerous factors of negative emotions or feelings. The scope of suffering is more important-looking than the scope of negative experience, caused by pain. Therefore, God triggers negative emotions of humans in hunting lodge to manipulate their actions and to adopt the society in the right moral direction. At the sam e time he shows an option of deviance, which will lead to suffering and pain. There is no intention to punish humans or non-humans, there is an intention to support binary relations on the Earth, which are determined between deity and evil. Life of humans and animals is a constant struggle for their existence and struggle against the surrounding dangers and threats. Thus, God does not intend to cow or destruct the humans and non-humans. He intends to make them use to realities of divinely created life in order they could survive in the real world. Works cited 1. DeGrazia, David and Rowan, Andrew. Pain, suffering, and anxiety in animals and humans.

Public Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Public Relations - Essay ExampleThe importance of customary relations is necessary in all kinds of organizations as mainly synergy between organizational goals with employees cognitive operation is important. Organizations that spend time and money on existence relations are deemed to be more happy in the industry (Travis, 2012).There are two mainstream dimensions of humankind relations organizational functions and societal functions. The organizational function basically discusses the relationships of employees and stakeholder within the firm. The establishment of systems and frameworks that would assist in the communication of employees and would allow them to bond vividly in the organizational tasks is organizational functions. The societal functions basically discusses that what organization is giving to the society and how is it responding to them. Use of media or any other channel that would address masses is the societal dimension of public relations (Stacks, 2010). The use of goods and services of this paper is to exemplify close to public relations and its components. Present precise picture about the legal proceeding of public relations and how it is benefiting the organizations. Organizational FunctionThe main purpose of organizational functions of public relations be to enhance the profitability of the organization. The escalation in conventional practices rampant in the organization may affect wrinkle negatively in that locationfore improvements in the organizational cultures is of great virtue and magnitude. It is important that there would be no disputes and quarrels among the employees and everybody would work for the enhancement of organizational goals and objectives. ... The organizational function signifies that paramount revenues can be made if there is internal rest in the organization. Multinational organizations tend to work immensely on the organizational functions of public relations as ensuring all employees are on the same page to work is imperative (Smith, 2012). The functions of public relations in the organizations include better communication channel between employees, engaging them in divergent activities, launching training and development sessions, improve feedback system and gauge leadership too. In Coca pot international, public relations within the organization are taken very seriously. The management has ensured that employees working in different capacities would maintain good public relations. The maintenance of good public relations within and extraneous organization brings good name for the company and for the person himself. The organizational function of public relations enhances indigence of employees too, if it is implemented in delegate manner. The feeling of getting importance by the organization is one of the well-nigh inspirational feelings that an employee gets. The maintaining of relationships with external bodies by formulating strategic plans is a part of public relatio ns. For instance sustaining and attaining relations with governing institutes (Rainey, 2009). Societal Functions The networking and bonding of the organization publically is the societal functions of public relations. Organizations tend to work vigorously on the societal function of public relations to make good name in the general public. jut of the organization contains sheer value and magnitude which cannot be neglected. People tend to talk and converse about the organizations who have poor relations with the general

Financial report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Financial report - Essay ExampleThe process of determining the viable pickaxe entailed the application of mathematical techniques and models such as the regression analysis, the LM test and the decision rule to draw at the most promising and viable investment option. Therefore, 50 countries were used to apply these tests, while utilize variables such as the GDP per capita, the inflation rates, the consumer price index and the secondary schools to modify the mathematical models and get at a conclusive decision on the most promising investment opportunity that could be adopted. After the application of the mathematical models and the modification of these models with the above mentioned variable, a decision was reached that investing the 2 jillion in secondary school education was more promising than investing the same in the banking sector, where the currency could have been used to bail out the banks.Financial decisions ar among the most difficult decisions to reach. This beca use, while make a financial decision, varied considerations should d be made, which call for a greater level of true statement and precise tendernesss (Ingersoll, 1987 p47). Additionally, financial decisions are not hundred percent dependable, owing to the large number of factors that disturb financial investments and savings. Most significant is the fact that the complexity of making financial decisions is added to, by the nature of the risks baffling in the financial sector, where a slight mistake either in prediction or estimation could mean the success or failure of the investments made (Batyrshin, 2007 p23). Therefore, it is extremely important to ensure that financial decisions are reached with the highest degree of precision possible, while at the same time putting into consideration all the factors that look out the viability of the decisions. This financial report presents the considerations that were

BHE 314 Mod 5 CBT Environmental Health and Safety Essay

BHE 314 Mod 5 CBT Environmental Health and Safety - sample Examplet is observe that nightclubs are major source of exposure of high-intensity sound, which results in a subroutine of health risks and illnesses, such(prenominal) as high blood pressure, stress, headache, anxiety, ulcers, and coronary diseases. (Koren, 2003) A government issue of physicians have associated plaza diseases with regular and frequent exposure to sound waves of high decibels. According to a number of environmental security system organizations, migraine headaches and high blood pressure are common consequences of noise exposure from nightclubs.In this regard, organization should take effective move to prevent the health hazards associated with community exposure to noise produced by nightclubs. It is observed that unfamiliarity with law is one of the major factors that encourage nightclub owners to keep the noise high in their clubs, as the residents do not complain noise-related problems. In specific , awareness programs related to noise exposure from nightclubs and otherwise sources should be organized by the government to ensure public and environment safety. According to a survey, to a greater extent than hundred decibels of sound level were noted in most of the nightclubs, which is much higher than the standard levels. (Koren, 2003) In this regard, nightclubs should be instructed to keep the noise levels according to the allowed ones, and such nightclubs should be constructed away from the residential regions. It is hoped that the paper ordaining be beneficial for better understanding of health hazards associated with noise exposure from nightclubs.Now the paper will briefly discuss health hazards associated with presence of radon gas in homes. According to a number of health organizations, radon is a tasteless, invisible, and odorless radioactive gas that is one of the major causes of cancer. It is observed that such gas is present in a number of homes that results in he alth risks to the family. In this regard, effective steps should be taken to prevent emergence of radon gas in homes through proper

Management of food quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management of sustenance quality - Essay ExampleThe integrated greet to food safeguard as adopted by the European Union aims at ensuring that the high levels of food quality are assured and that they are coherently done through measures that are farm-to-table like. This entails adequate monitor and ensuring efficient functionality of its internal market. To be able to implement this approach, the governing body of the EU has had to develop efficacious health measures and legislations. Consequently, effective food safety throw systems have had to be assured and evaluated to ensure their conformance with the set standards (TRIENEKENS & ZUURBIER, 2008). The safety of the food system is also ensured by autarkically carrying out a risk assessment different from the risk management.Keeping the quality and safety of food throughout the food range of a function requires both operating procedures to ensure the wholesomeness of food and monitoring procedures to ensure operations are c arried out as intended. The food safety system is usually based on the principle that protection needs to be assured during the course of the food chain if the health of customers is to be sheltered. Primarily, quality management systems are knowing to ensure compliance with third party and retailer standards (VOS & WENDLER, 2006). Food safety management systems principally control the specific food safety hazards associated with the product and ensure compliance with food safety legislation.Finally, the quality and safety of food depends on the efforts of everybody involved in the complex chain of agriculture production, processing, transport, food production and consumption. As the EU and the World Health Organization (WHO) put it succinctly - food safety is a divided up responsibility from farm to fork.The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was established in the year 2002. It is an independent body that works in close cooperation with various scientific agencies and institut ions in EU

Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 16

Question - Essay ExampleThe record by Rabinowitz et al. (2005) offers a arrogant review of the literature of animal sentinel to identify evidence that relates such events to the health of humans beings. A weakness of this study was that it could not assess the factors causing failure of the animal sentinel studies to use cohort and case-control methods more. Such approaches prove time-consuming and expensive compared to such other methods as the aggregate and cross-sectional study designs. Funding limitations may possibly have influenced the choices of study methods of animal sentinel. Another weakness of this study is that its teeny-weeny sample size affects its capacity to offer valid evidence. The strength of this study is that the authors have suggested a roofy of linkage points which are helpful for the assessment of evidence to bridge an event of animal sentinel to the human health. The research recognized gaps in the existing knowledge like shared outcomes, inadequate sh ared exposures documentation, and the relational vulnerability between humans and animals for the hazards of

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 16

Globalization - Essay ExampleIt is all about the monumental structural alteration occurring in the procedures of production and distribution in the global economy. This requires the being and development of an information and conferences infrastructure that is advanced and based on a proper communication system as well as better methods of dissemination of information.Globalization has brought about a channelise in the traditional balance of power between nations in the global arena in that it has abject many barriers that restricted the movement and reach of people through networking and has given more power to unadorned entities to influence both markets and the nation-states thus producing a super-empowered individual (Gilbert 173). Beyond all numbers, globalization has at to the lowest degree three impacts to all countries that embrace it in that it leads to fast economic growth, reduction in poverty and change magnitude more job opportunities. It pulls the countries out from their detachment into the competitive world that leads towards new collaborations and unity thus greatly reducing the distance and isolation that exists in the world into a global village making aliveness extremely easier and comfortable.One of the most crucial advantages of globalization is that it has led to the generation of very many involution opportunities to the unemployed as well as income generation to the people in the host country as the migration of people has become easier thus leading to even better jobs opportunities. Similarly, globalization has expanded the capabilities of people to append their ability to lead long and healthy lives, that has enabled them to cultivate and make good use of their talents thus affording them lives of high-handedness and self-actualization. This is done by increasing the stock physical capital, new technologies, changing institutions, altering incentives among others (Marmolejo 103). The formation of appointment and opportuni ties to acquire

Library Research Assignment Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Library Research Assignment Scenario - Essay ExampleSecondly, individual cash leads to reduced toll transparency. This poses a challenge to many firms as they find it difficult to compare the prices of goods, services and resources across heterogeneous regions. This happens due to the distorting effects of counterchange rate variations. Moreover, such firms are vulnerable to uncertainty caused by exchange rate fluctuations. This happens as such firms tries to invest in other countries with different currency. This leads to rock-bottom investment and inefficiency in business activities. Additionally, individual currency leads to increased costs to industries because such firms will support to buy foreign exchange in their trade activities. This makes such firms unable to compete with other blown-up trading blocs. Furthermore, this form of currency leads to reduced foreign investment (Schadler, 2005). On the other hand, individual currency has an edge to the nation. First, indiv idual currency is more reliable as compared to integration. This helps in maintaining the exchange rate stability in the country. This prompted the UK and Italy to leave the ERM in 1990 as they found the process ineffective (Anchors, n.d.). Secondly, individual currency offers approximately stability. This is as compared to integration where there exist rigidities. ... In addition, an individual country is essential in maintaining sovereignty. This helps a country to control the actions of its central bank (Stoa, 2008). This also helps the government in controlling its policies and,therefore, able to act on policies beneficial to its economic and that of its firms. A rich history exists towards the development of a single currency in Europe. Currently, the euro has become part of seventeen member states of the European Union (EU). However, other member states are necessary to join the union in the future. The first appeal to the achievement of the European currency began before the market place crash of 1929 (Europa, 2011). However, this was not realized due to prevailing economic conditions. The other attempt was after the termination of Second World War. In Europe, three treaties bringing all six signatory states (Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands) hardened a foundation (Europa, 2011). The treaties led to the establishment of European Coal and Steel Community, European Economic Community, and European Atomic Energy Community. Besides, another summit in Hague defined a new objective of European integration. A task was formed to come up with various suggestions. The taskforce submitted a report in 1971 envisaging in effect(p) economic and monetary union in the next ten years (Europa, 2011). Some of the recommendations were not adopted, besides there was approval to the introduction of EMU in some steps. The first stage involved the dwindling of currency fluctuations margins with no further commitment. However, the US dec ision to float the dollar posed the challenge on the parities of the European currencies and hence the project was abandoned (Europa, 2011). Other attempts also faced the same challenge. However,

Section I of the Capital Project Research Paper

Section I of the big(p) Project - Research Paper pillow lineamentWith every superior buy, an boldness aims to meet a set of organizational needs. A capital purchase would not realize an organization unless it contributes to the organizations productivity or all overall performance efficacy. This musical composition will discuss a software purchase a health wish organization made for register patient records properly. The paper will give particular focus on managerial, organizational, and economic benefits of this capital purchase. Capital purchase To define, a capital purchase is defined as any purchase of $1000 and over (Novak, 1996, p.335). Capital purchases are considered as long term pluss of an organization. Generally, capital purchases are viewed as capital investments, capital assets, or capital acquisitions. The process of capital acquisition can benefit a healthcare organization in a number of ways. In the view of Gitman and McDaniel (2008, p.434), capital acquisit ions add to an organizations asset strength, which in turn contributes to the firms value chain efficiency and service efficiency. In the case of healthcare organizations like hospitals, a capital purchase is mainly intended to improve the quality of care delivery and thereby promoting patient safety. ... The planned software purchase for filing patient records costs more than than than $5,000, and therefore, it is a capital purchase. This capital acquisition may assist the healthcare environment to deliver ameliorate patient care services at affordable costs. Management goals of the purchase This capital acquisition would strengthener many management goals including revenue growth, operational efficiency improvement, improved productivity, quality assurance, performance evaluation, editd employee hiring and instruct costs. Loretz (2005) says that filing patient records manually is a difficult task because a large number of patients squall a healthcare institution every day. Hence, a healthcare institution needs to employ a large workforce to manage patient records appropriately. Evidently, an organization is forced to spend huge amounts on employee hiring and cooking in order to file patient records manually (p.2). This situation would probably reduce the firms profitability. However, computerized patient records handling system would assist a healthcare environment to manage patient info effectively and inexpensively. A software-based patient information filing system is beneficial for the organization to minimize the take aim of employee hiring because such a program may be capable of handling patient data more accurately and quickly. Even though this purchase may cost huge money initially, this acquisition would benefit the organization to trim down employee hiring and training expenses in the long term. Consequently, this may aid the firm to reduce its operating expenses and thereby improve profitability. As we discussed earlier, a software-base d program can more quickly and accurately manage patient information

Road Safety Essay Example for Free

Road Safety EssayRoad incidents be a major problem in all society. some lives are taken due to careless driving or misuse of public roads. Road incidents, also known as traffic collision, traffic accidents, motor fomite collision, road traffic collision, wreck (USA) and car crash (Australia), can be defined as an unannounced and undesirable event , that occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian and other stationary obstruction.Road incidents are not only a rising restore in Fiji but also in all(prenominal) country in the whole world. Increase in the number of road incidents is a matter of concern in Fiji and also other countries in the world. Usually road incidents have very high collision on the people, that is, on the life, mind and family. People who are the victim of accidents normally regret for the rest of their lives because of the wretched they endure due to their carelessness in not keep an eye oning the simple road safety rules. around h undred to two hundred people die each year due to road incidents. An escalation in the number of road incidents is not only a problem in Fiji but in every country in the whole world. Developed and leading countries like Australia and the United States of America also pose the problem of road incidents and its impact on the people. In the recent years, the number has increased rapidly and umteen people are affected due to road incidents in one way or another.Many people lost their lives, family members or loved ones, suffer physical damage and damage to their properties due to not following the simple and easy road safety rules. Due to carelessness of people and failing to follow the road safety rules, this is turning out to be a great concern for Fiji Government and its sentence that action is taken. Many people are dying everyday. The Government and concerned authorities such as the Land Transport Authority (LTA) and police, are showing their concern by organizing operations to monitor the drivers activities and belongings awareness programs to educate people.

The New Negro Movement and Harlem Renaissance Essay Example for Free

The pertly Negro Movement and Harlem Renaissance auditionAmerican publishers and critics, in the mainstream circle, took significant notice of African American writers and artists in the neighborhood of Harlem in New York City. This cultural revival of African American literature and arts including music and theater came to be cognise as the Harlem Renaissance. This cultural revolution of sorts began in 1918 at the end of World War I, peaked in the 1920s and continued in the mid-30s. The Harlem Renaissance came about due to several developments among the African Americans. After the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865 waves of abusive American migrants flocked from the impoverished agricultural south to the promise of the industrial labor union to take on various jobs created by the war.Educated and social cause advocates were concentrated in Harlem that in the end made it the political and cultural haven of African Americans. African American literature and arts flourish ed. opprobrious music and musical artists were popular. Black literary works received excellent reviews and critics nod and soon enough, issue recognition. The literary works depicted African American life. However, there was diversity in these works. There was no style or ideology common in them. Their only desire was to express and tell their sense of hearing about the African American life.In the 1910s the African Americans were pushing for equal rights and opportunities in their ranks. An inspiring realize in that era was Marcus Mosiah Garvey, who was born in Jamaica. Jobs brought him to most parts of Central America, England and the United States. In those places he saw the distressing working conditions and the hardships experienced by the Blacks. He published the Negro World, a weekly, in Harlem from 1918 to 1933. The paper served as a medium for him to articulate his ideals for the Blacks. It was successful with its 50,000 circulation. It had French and Spanish sections. In addition, he was affiliated with other publications.In 1914, Garvey returned to Jamaica and formed the Universal Negro Movement and Conservation Association and African Communities League or the UNIA, in August 1 of the save year. His objective was to unify the Blacks to create their witness country and government. UNIAs objectives were to promote love and insolence for the race, to assist those in need, to re-establish their identity, further education and culture, and impolite trade and commerce with the world. In 1916 he traveled to the United States to work for making the UNIA an international organization. By 1920 he was successful, UNIA spread in 40 countries with more than 1,100 branches. In 1920, UNIA held its first convention in Harlem which had a great impact on the African American.The convention adopted what would be the start of a Black nationalist feat The Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World. The New Negro Movement sought-after(a) to in culcate pride of race, independence and a better life for African Americans. The 54 articles in the Declaration outlined the abuses on the rights of the Blacks. It denounced the discriminatory practice of subordinating blacks below whites they demanded to spell Negro with a capital N as respect to their race.These paid off and the movement was successful. In 1928, Garvey went to Geneva to present the Petition of the Negro head for the hills to the League of Nations. The petition spoke for wholly the Blacks around the world. It contained the abuses on Blacks in all parts of the world. It sought not only to bring the cause of the Blacks to the rest of the world but also to seek redress. It unresolved the apartheid in South Africa and protested its fitness as administrator of Namibia.The New Negro Movement and the Harlem Renaissance had a common rallying point the African American race. They pushed for the recognition of the Blacks as equal to any and all other racial groups. They hoped to improve the living conditions, open economic opportunities, and instill pride among its people. The most powerful figure of the time was Marcus Gravey who was said to have brought dignity to the Negro. The means to similar ends differed. The artists and writers of the Harlem Renaissance used their music, poetry, and assembly to express in beautiful verses, songs and prose the rich black culture and the aspirations of their race.The movement worked through their organized network. The movement and the renaissance came almost simultaneously because opportunities were better during the era. Harlem was significant to the African American because the most important dates in the movement and the renaissance happened in the New York community. Harlem was their Mecca, the place that saw their struggles and their victories. Harlem was their home and their refuge.ReferencesWintz, C. DC. (2007). Harlem Renaissance. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007.Retrieved April 25, 2007, from http//encarta.msn.com.UNIA-ACL. (2005, January 28). UNIA History. Retrieved April 25, 2007, fromhttp//www.unia-acl.org/history/history3.htm

Drink - Coffee Essay Example for Free

Drink Coffee EssayZagu Pearl wind up is a food stall business that offers cool flavored drink mixed with dark, spherical, chewy balls made from yam and tapioca called Pearls. Zagu was the first to introduce the Pearl Drink to the Philippine market. The First Zagu store was launched in April 1999. Zagu was pioneered by a young enterprising lady with a degree in solid food Science from University of British capital of South Carolina in Vancouver, Canada. Now, ZAGU has grown from a tiny kiosk to a current network of over 290 outlets nationwide. Zagu has also gained recognition locally by awards such as the National Choice Awards, and International recognition through our partner in Sydney, Australia. Zagu foods can be found in malls, supermarkets and roadside locations. Behind the success of all Zagu store is their professional management team and dedicated employees committed to putting the customers first and achieving excellence in everything. MISSION To provide the best qu ality, most innovative and reasonably legal injuryd intersections in the beverage industry.To be the attracter in our industry attained by a well-planned expansion through retail outlets and wide product distribution. To continuously generate awareness, interest and desire for our products resulting in frequent / repeat purchases. To establish Zagu as a highly regarded international brand name.. VISION Our Company bears the vision of providing fun, deliciously appetizing, uniquely enchanting Food and beverage products while maintaining our commitment to uncompromised quality At economical rates with the heartening purpose to offer to societys needs, tastes And preferences rather than simply convincing our customers to try and like whatever products we Develop.What your will fork up as an classical dealer? Instant market Additional source of income Proprietary recipes, ingredients and procedures Discount on purchases Ongoing training and operational support Marketing and advertising support Exclusive product distribution Contemporary design and decor package Assistance with site selection Customized operational system.What are the features of authorized dealership? P270, 000 to 350,000 approximate investment package, and business will be fully operational No prerogative fee and no royalty fee Will carry the well-established ZAGU trademark and logo Special discounted price for purchases exclusive for authorized dealers only Continuous market support through event participation, sponsorship and other marketing approach High profile national presence No defined territory. Participation in events Zagu step uniform Service crew training What exactly does ZAGU looks for in a business partner? commit Hard working Competent Customer oriented What is the process involved in the application? It starts with closedown of the initial questionnaire then followed by interviews, meeting, payment of deposit, filing-up of application form, submi ssion of requirements, payment of package, signing of agreement, and lastly training.The period frame depends upon the mutual commitment and projected schedule of both parties. Approximately 45-60 days from the date of apogee of requirements. To learn the steps in applying for ZAGU authorized dealership and their international business offers, please visit their prescribed website at www. zagushakes. com. To contact ZAGU Foods Corporation Sales Department, their telephone numbers are (632) 687-0140 / 687-4403 local 113-114.

On-Boarding, Socialization, Retention and Down-Sizing Essay Example for Free

On-Boarding, Socialization, Retention and Down-Sizing EssayCherns has recently pursued two wise sales associates and harbor a read for an on-boarding and socialization strategy. Because organizations invest money in hiring refreshful employees, the union has a need to get freshly hires off to a good start but need help doing so. Because turn-overs occurs early, organizations tolerate increase their storage rates by helping brand- spic-and-spanfound hires adjust to their company and ruminates. Out-boarding is the nurse for of completing new hires employment paperwork, and providing them with all essential elements for their jobs. Companies as well have the need to socialize their employees through with(predicate) planned and unplanned processes, formal and informal activities and experiences through which individuals acquire the attitudes, behavior, and knowledge needed to successfully move into as subdivisions in an organization and learn the organizations cult ure. On-Boarding and Socialization Strategies In order to incorporate Cherns new hires into its organization several strategic programs, on-boarding and socialization have been recommended.Both of these programs ar beneficial for Cherns and its employees. This testimonial outflow help Cherns employees transition into the company. The doing strategies were recommended for Cherns new hires Orientation will involve employees breeding about the company, its culture, esteems, goals, history, mission statement, business, chain of commend and products. Orientation will encompass the companys policy and procedures as well as the process of filling out the proper paperwork unavoidable to work at Cherns.Through the orientation process employees will receive the tools they need to perform their duties, much(prenominal) as uniforms if required, keys, identification cards, computers, an e-mail address, business cards, telephone turn of events and a work space (office or cubicle). Orien tation will provide employees with their benefits information (booklet), 401 k plan, and IIP and retirement plan. Orientation will also entangle learning how to use the companys intranet where they can find information about the company (financial facts), products and number of stores and their locations.The orientation process will allow the new hires to meet their co-workers, supervisors and managers. Through orientation employees can actualise their roles, and their expectations. Orientation will accelerate the new hires learning process of Cherns organization. Socializationwill give the new hires the planned, unplanned, formal, and informal activities and experiences to acquire the behavior, attitude and knowledge needed to participate as a member of the organization and learn the firms culture.Socialization programs that are recommended for its new hires are A Staggered Program This concept allows new hires to encompass information about Cherns through a staggered approach, l earning in increments instead of obtaining information all at once causing an overload. By learning in increments new hires will retain that information. Socialization activities can be performed through steps allowing new hires to interact with co-workers, supervisors, managers, and HR soulfulnessal who are familiar with the company.Socialization can be in person as well as via online and classroom settings. Individual Programs gives new hires the flexibility of socializing in a one-on one setting with a mentor or an apprenticeship. By using a mentor or apprenticeship each new hire can learn what is required, their expectations, and job performance rapidly. They experience on the job training through hands on experience and tend to socialize and learn more easily. titular Socialization Programs- will give new hires the opportunity to socialize with other entities outside of the company, an example would be a seminar where they can interact with other individuals on a original lev el and learn new and innovating techniques, procedures and designed activities and materials. This process increase employees job satisfaction and reduce turnover. This gives new hires a chance to be proactive, ask questions, build relationships with others in the rganization and seek feedback succession increasing job satisfaction and commitment. Sequential programsallow new hires to follows a range of steps such as step 1learning about the company. quantity 2 learn policy and procedures. Step 3learn about the job and its requirements and. Step 4 perform well a so on. Each step leads to opportunities and possible promotions. Fixed Socialization Programs gives new hires information about their probationary status (how long) and their performance status with their job.Serial Socialization incorporate new hires with mentors, these mentors guide the new hires through the steps needed to become successful on the job and come as role models to the new hires. Each new hire will be expe cted to follow in their mentors footsteps. Investiture Programs- will give each new hire the chance to reaffirm their trust in them selves and their job performances. This process allows supervisors, managers and in some cases senior management to evaluate the knowledge, skills, and characteristics of the new hires.Investitures programs also evaluates what new hires can do in terms of helping the company move forward and make money from their new innovating ideals (Phillips Gully, 2009). By making these recommendation Cherns will continue to give its customers the assistant that lies at the heart of the company. Cherns strategy can empower its new hires to excel in the company, while upholding its reputation for customer service, quality and selection.These recommendations will continue to give Cherns a core value that is essential to its branding and culture, while contributing to its customers and building a long term relationship through shared value and customer care. Retenti on Plan A retention plan for Cherns hint performers is to create an environment, work style and management team that promotes, teamwork, cooperation and retention, which leads to successful delivery of products, customer services and values. ultimately enriching the company, customers and workers.In order to retain its top performers Cherns can initiate plans to keep top performers euphoric by offering great rewards that will be hard to resist. Generally the reason people tarry with a company is often the same reason they became attractive in the first place. Implementing the following retention plan will keep Cherns top performers with the company and reduce a need to hire new people. provide initiatives to establish and maintain the companys goals. establish open communication in the midst of management, customers and staff. develop a working environment that encourages professional growth. match employees with challenging assignments that will lead to professional and car eer growth. create a climate of respect, fairness and trust with supervisors and customers. give employees work flexibility so that they can balance their work and life demands. provide competitive wages and benefits that are fair, introduce fittingness and child care centers. give top performers bonuses when goals are meet, such as monetary, vacations or extra wander days. create a strong corporate culture for employees that they find attractive such as a mission Statement that appeals to customers and workers. This can help retain employees with the same or similar values. providing employees with support can also help retain employees, by monitoring their work load, managers can determine if they have the undeniable tools to perform their jobs. Using these strategies will institute to recruit, retain and develop top performers.

Regional Integration Essay Example for Free

Regional Integration EssayThe Pacific Forum office seeks a region of peace, harmony security, and economic prosperity. The diversity of its peoples seek value, honor in their cultures. The Pacific Regions objectives allow in obtaining respect for its governance, sustainable management of its resources and its democratic values. The partnerships with their neighbors, to improve communications and secure a sustainable prudence for all are the primary objectives for its members. Established in Bangkok, Thailand on August 8, 1967 the Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) was founded by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. ASEAN is now comprised of 10 members including Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam (ASEAN, 2013). An important and landmark organisation that ASEAN entered into was the ASEAN- chinaware surrender Trade Agreement. The region in which the ASEAN- mainland China Free Trade Agreement result reach is about 1. 9 b fed up(p)ion people. This arranging will surely test not only the members of ASEAN, but China as well. The region in which the ASEAN- China Free Trade Agreement will reach is about 1. 9 billion people. This agreement will surely test not only the members of ASEAN, but China as well (ASEAN, 2013). affirmatory Influence of the Asean-China Free Trade Agreement January 10, 2010 marked a ten year negotiation with China, when the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area Agreement became effective. Tariff reductions between China and six ASEAN members Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, will generate more than a 90 percent of products with a drop to near zero in twain parties tariffs. The agreement was established with the idea that ASEAN countries natural resources and Chinas large market would both gain (Shamsi, 2010).Countries like Cambodia and Laos will benefit from the ASEAN-China agreement with zero tariffs on over 7000 goods from China, which will benefit these to a lower place developed countries tremendously. Less developed countries especially those with no stock market system will get this agreement and benefit greatly (Shamsi, 2010). The ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement is Chinas first impoverished trade agreement and the first negotiated agreement ASEAN has been involved in with another country. The importance of this agreement will be seen when ASEAN nations being to use Chinas currency Yuan.This can drive Chinas Yuan to become a major global trading currency. This agreement is important in the gallery for the regional economic environment (Shamsi, 2010). Negative Impact of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement The economic heading of ASEAN is Indonesia. The idea of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement is not beneficial to ASEAN countries and should be re-considered. Indonesia has pointed out that the economy of China has recently increased and become powerful in global terms.The exemption from custom duties for Chinese goods ill challenges the local business survival with an influx of less expensive Chinese goods (Shamsi, 2010). Bankruptcy is a substantial possibility for industrial areas in the small and medium sized zones according to the chairman of the Indonesian youthfulness Entrepreneurs Association. The automotive industry in Malaysia is also wary of this agreement in that the impact on local auto industries could be hit hard. The view from many ASEAN members is that the agreement much more benefits China than the ASEAN countries.China in size alone has a large market for domestic consumption and ability to exportation on a grander scale than that of ASEAN countries (Shamsi, 2010). The overall feelings in most ASEAN countries are that of mixes feelings, but mostly get concerning the agreement. The population of China with 1. 3 billion people compared to the 600 million combined of ASEAN region is notable differences in terms of markets. The concept that took ten years to come to light, seems that with the chang es seen in the economy of China, that the agreement still has the kindred fruitful benefits initially anticipated (Shamsi, 2010).

State the Problem Essay Example for Free

State the Problem endeavorTwo entrepreneurs, Rabie and Harary, started a company around a harvest-time that sprouted hair from a depleted humanlike head. They called this product creation Buddy and the sales jumped pretty quickly. Sales at first started through Toronto-area flower shops and gift stores further as demand sum upd they were able to start selling macrocosm Buddy at Toys R Us, Wal-Mart, K-Mart and similar stores. The performance process had few steps but was moved(p) by the weather. With hot weather, the process was delayed two hours. Summer is forecasted to come, which means it leave behind be acquiring hot soon. This will slow production when demand is increasing. It is Bens task to find a resultant so that these hot days do not increase process time.Analyze the ProblemThe problem lies in the process of devising the product. There are s change surface steps in making the product and each one has a limited capacity. Personal should be placed in the ta sk where they eject be most effective. Ever process has a bottleneck and in this case it is the register step. The Filing step, with the current amount of employees, can only produce 40 units per hour. It is said that there is usually active 250 heads in the filling area but sometimes it is a larger amount. This is because all the other steps have at least a production capacity of 75 units per hour and some even have up to 225 units per hour. Filling is the bottleneck and it causing delays.Conclusion/SuggestionsThere are two suggestions for Earth Buddy to solve its problems. The first solution is to increase personal in the Filling stage. This will increase the capacity, which will increase production. Hiring more personal is the best option to stop the delays.The second solution is to making the productions areas temperature-controlled rooms. This way it does not matter how hot it is outside because the weather will not affect the product. This will stop the two-hour delays from ever occurring again. There is also a proposition in which facility can be expanded, but this is not a good idea. The product is going off the shelves right now but competition is soon to rise because it is a very simple process. Investing a lot of silver in a new facility canbecome a failure. The solutions are increase production and get temperature-controlled rooms.

What Is Political Philosophy Essay Example for Free

What Is Political Philosophy EssayWhat is philosophy and particularly policy-making philosophy? Philosophy is a broad or specific study of areas concerned with existence, values, ethics, knowledge and reason. The vocalize philosophy is rooted in the Greek word philosophia which literally meant the love of knowledge So doubting human existence is one representative Does God really exists etc. Important as substantially are questions about what we know and what we can know both constitute the area of philosophy cognize as epistemology (the theory of knowledge) Ethics is also a part of philosophy dealing with human conduct. What responsibilities do we have to ourselves as well as others? The study of political philosophy asks questions surrounding a precisely society and or state. David Rafael plants political philosophy as a doctrine or ideology picture up norms or ideal standards for the society. He claims that the ideal philosophy tells us what we ought to be or to do. In this regard political philosophy differs from political science. Political science seeks to explain facts as instances of general faithfulnesss, tho political philosophy is more idealistic. Hence philosophy- what ought to be done (idealist).science- what actually happens/ based on facts (more realist) In studying philosophy, a rally feature or one can say is the most governing feature is the Western Civilization. Western civilization should not be confused as a geographic conceit. As renowned by Ebenstein and Ebenstein (2000) Its birthplace is the Mediterranean Greece, Palestine and Italy. From there it spread through europium and the Middle East. A penetration into Asia and Africa lasted for several centuries. Importantly, the spread of the west should not be confused with untainted colonial expansion. Its broader than that.It is the way of view, Language yes, but religion, ethics, morals, ideas of brio and livelihood are only several(prenominal) of the broader areas t hat the West embodies. E. g. Less than two hundred and fifty years old, the United States is now the centre of solemness of western civilization in terms of economics, politics, culture and military power. In antiquity, Athens, Jerusalem and Rome were the in the lead points. During the Dark Ages, Byzantium was the most important site of ethnic, literal, and administrative leadership. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Paris was the undisputed cultural capital of the West.In the nineteenth century, London inherited that place. New York became the leading artistic, scientific and apt clearing-house in the land during the twentieth century, and its place in the year 2000 is being taken, in terms of cultural influence by Los Angeles demonstrating the geographical mobility of western civilization. Western political thought (Philosophy) The tradition is generally associated with historic Greek cultures. In the early days Greece was a divided polis (city-state) which was cons tantly at war an example is the Peloponnesian War between the democratic Athens and the Authoritarian Sparta.The Greek World view work forcetal culture and political practice spread as a result of colonial expansion. It spread advertize when Europe colonized the rest of the world. The Greeks idea of democracy and of course its political traditions spread to other areas with the parent of Macedonia whose leader at the time was Alexander the majuscule and he was taught by Aristotle. Alexander the great organise an empire that encompassed a federation of Greek states. It included Egypt, parts of India and other territories which we know now as Uzbekistan.The western traditions in Political Philosophy became more dominant in the European conquest, its creation of the orchard system, the dominance of African labour and eventual colonial subjugation of the non-European world. So here we are how do we identify the defining features of Western Political thought? Ebenstein says that we have to find the things that are so central to the society and strip them away and see if the society exists without them. The Roots of the West are as follows the Greeks concept of Reason two, the Jewish belief in one God (monotheism)and three, the Christian conception of love. In the Great Political Thinkers (Ebenstein and Ebenstein, 2000) Rationality The belief and use of reason are not inventions of the 20th century. However they argued that the Greeks invented rationality. They noted that Greeks did not start from scratch, as various Oriental good deal influenced them but they noted that Greek civilizations has it imprinted itself on the rest of the world, was Originally, the Greeks were not derived from earlier people in the direct way the rest of the world barrowed the ideas from the Greeks.The absolute Greek ideal was to think clearly. Monotheism (belief in one God) is the second root of the West, with the resulting concepts of brotherhood of mankind (all men and women be ing children of the same Father) and one of one world ruled by a higher law which is above human whim and arbitrariness. It could be argued that other societies came close to the concept of one God onwards the Jews did but the Jews were the startle to build their whole life around their belief in God, and to base their thoughts, ethics, laws and presidency on this belief.Love (Christian conception) is the third root of the West. Christianity incorporated Greek rationalism and absorbed Jewish monotheistic ethics, and added a new dimension that went beyond both the principle of love as the basis of peoples relation with God, and more importantly, each other. Here, the point can be made that Greek thought and life put a great value on sympathy (a Greek word subject matter to feel with) and friendship, the latter considered by Aristotle, for example, to be the basis of all social and political organizations.The Greeks were intensely kindle in love Platos dialogue Symposium is one o f the great conversations on love in world Literature. Yet love in Symposium is primarily the mutual embrace of two souls soaring together to the heights of perfection in life of reason. On a lower level, love was seen by the Greeks as a fierce demon, something approaching madness. Similarly, classical Jewish thought emphasizes compassion and charity, and admonishes its adherents to love thy neighbour as thyself. barely neither the Greek nor the Jewish conception of love has the unconditional, universal character of Christian love.In Christian thought, love is not in the periphery of life, in the rare moments of ecstasy, but in the centre of life Love is life itself. EXERCISE QUESTION 1 (This question is only for discussion in the first tutorial and will not be accepted as coursework). What is the meaning of epistemology, ontology, and agency? How do you define and identify yourself? What are the sources of ideas and meanings you have been using to define and identify yourself? Wh at are the epistemological bases of your personhood? Why do you believe what you believe? What beliefs, what set of ideas have shaped your concept of self and who you are and are bonny?

Pursuit of Happiness Essay Example for Free

Pursuit of Happiness Essay(The Misconception Between Success and Happiness UNCOVERED) From a in rectitude young age, we are taught that achieving specific milestones of supremacy acquire good grades or even best if we git, getting into a famous university, having a prestigious career or title, having a certain amount of coin saved in the bank, living in the perfect dream house, marrying the right person according to our personal perspective, and having talented or well-be progress tod kids later on ordain make us joyful. The frustrating truth is that none of these things have anything to do with gladness, non even one. Right from the beginning, we have been confused that achieving these goals will append us forth to the doorway of enjoyment. It has been inducted into our minds that the attainment of these milestones is the hunting of delight, only when at the end of the line, we only got achievement not happiness. For those who are contented to being practiced lucky, let me ask you, What happens when you reach the goal that you have been put inting for? Do you feel really happy, elated, and ecstatic?. . . If yes, then for how long? How long do or could you maintain that heightened and elevated feeling of euphoria after you reach your goal?. . .For most of us, the answer would in all probability be very(prenominal) long, but without the biases and cover-ups, the answer is really not that much long. Let us honorable say a day, a week, or even a month or more. Then, What happens when those feelings fade? It would just appear that you are not that much pleased to have reached your goal, but not because the goal loses rough of its meaning. It is just that we consider the part of achieving to being our happiness. And once the moment of achievement passes, we would be looking for the conterminous goal, the next achievement, and the next pursuit of success not happiness. In other words, we seldom spend duration basking in the satisfacti on of what we have achieved or what we already have before achieving anything. We tend to set another(prenominal) goal, and then the next, and the next. Sometimes it may feel that you will just become happy when. . . And when that condition is met, you will later find out that you are not really happy at all, at to the lowest degree not for that much long. Then you start looking for the next goal to pursue. This is a description of the pursuit of success a false definition of happiness that depends on a never-ending string ofachievements.We can even pursue achievements that have little long-term meaning or even those that endures for a sprightliness a degree or title, but these secular goals will still not bring us to profound happiness. For those who are already having second-thoughts about being contended to being just successful, you might ask me, So, what is happiness anyway? or What is my definition of happiness?. . . For me, It is not really that sense of euphoria it is no t pleasure, but something larger, deeper, emphatic, yet fundamental. In other words, happiness is less an event and more an ongoing state of mind, and a way of focusing on the larger picture the journey, the quality, and the essence of experiences. It is often about defining your set and purpose, and staying true to them. To increase your level of happiness, you do not need more happy moments, rather, you need a more positive outlook on all moments a sense that they are part of the tapestry of a life well-lived, that they are consistent with your nature, that they are mirrors of who you really are. The greater truth is that success does not create happiness, but happiness can create success.Think about people who search to draw out success not the ruthless competitors, but the ones you just naturally want to be around. Those people who seem to bring others up, those who find an opportunity in any circumstance, and those who are contented or even fiery about pursuing a person al goal. Given the choice between pursuing achievements to become happy and finding inner happiness and letting success come to you, which do you think is more successful? There are, of course many ways to have both achievements and happiness. The mistake is in assuming that success or achievement alone will bring you happiness. When achievements are connected to your core value, then happiness is built into your achievements for achievements alone for their own sake seldom lead to happiness and often feels like an dependency for over-achievers who keep looking for that next goal in the hopes that it will be soul-satisfying and lead to ever-lasting happiness.Actually, the secret to happiness is not at all related to setting goals and achieving them. Happiness is a state of mind that allows you to be contented and appreciate each moment for what it brings, and to increase it by honoring your personal core values and purpose. The good news is that you can create happiness in almost any circumstance, even with the very basic and most natural situation. There is no really a need for us to set our goals tothings so far, all we have to do is appreciate the things we already have. Being satisfied for what we have may not bring our hearts to Heaven, but being contented to what God has bestowed upon us will for sure bring Heaven into our hearts. Success is getting what you want Happiness is wanting what you get. Ingrid Bergman

Intro Speech Self-Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Intro Speech Self-Evaluation EssayThere was a bit of a cloudiness between us she explained to me that the appointment was that we each had to write about each other and then defeat papers and read it in class. This didnt sound right to me because the way I understood the assignment was that I had to write about her and she had to write about myself. This ended up being the case since I told the professor our little situation and agreed with my explanation of the assignment. I could of improved in having better discourse with my partner and emailing the professor before the due date to help us with our doubts. I also didnt have much beat to practice my speech due to a busy weekend. I but had about 2 hours on Monday night to practice in front of an audience. This led me to actually be nervous and a bit anxious over this speech, especially with the disagreeing over the actual instructions of this assignment.On my paper, it is stated that my speech was only 52 seconds which was very short compared to the 1.5 minutes that we had to achieve. For my next speech I now know that I have to slow down when speaking which is linked to having practice time especially in front of people. This assignment really made me feel a bit more comfortable with public speaking which really made me happy because it made me realize this class wint be so hard if I really practice and follow the information in our textbook and lessons given by the professor.

Emotional Memory Essay Example for Free

ablaze Memory EssayEmotional entrepot pertains to an individuals recollection of calamitys that hold occurred in the past. The instrument behind such fuddled retention is mainly based on the emotions that are associated with that particular(prenominal) event, resulting in a increased level of attention that facilitates encode of the event in the memory of an individual. Emotional memory is also gnarly in ruminations of the occurrence, regardless of the length of cartridge holder that has already passed away since the unquestion able-bodied event.This broad of memory idler be distinguished from other neurobiological concepts of memory because its retention is very strong due to the influence of emotions, which technically magnifies lucubrate of the possibility. Research has shown that delirious memory is imprinted in the cortical section of the brain. This description is supported by observations that several neural activities occur in the pallium, thus facili tating memory retention. several(prenominal) studies withstand indicated that emotional memory involves two major servicees, namely encoding and post-encoding.The first process of encoding involves the heightened level of attention of an individual during the actual event, while post-encoding pertains to the consolidation of the expand of the event afterwards the actual consequent, coupled with enhancement that is triggered by the emotions that were set off at that time. One prime example of an emotional memory is the vivid recall of an accident that is associated with physical injury and blood. Regardless of the length of time that the incident has occurred, the individual who was involved in the accident is still capable of remembering the accident even after several years.One complication of emotional memory is that an individual finds it difficult to dissociate his emotions with regards to a particular incident. It is thus extremely hard for an individual to go back to the site of an accident if this person around died at that time. It has been suggested that evolution also processs a role in emotional memory, wherein the brain of human beings has acquired the contentedness to retain details of an event in order to survive that particular incident.It may thus be assertable that through fear, early primates and other higher mammals may have learned to check away from predators and other harmful environmental components in order to survive in the wild. These species may have adapted such modes of memory by being subjected to extreme discomfort or pain that is think to incidents such as toxin exposure or predation and thus their perception for harmful conditions may have been imprinted in their brains and possibly passed on to their offspring.The exact mechanism behind the retrieval of memories associated with a particular incident based on emotional settings still remains elusive up to this date. The unique feature of entrepot for a prolonged per iod of time further complicates the pathway and several analysts have attempted to come up to this question. Neurobiologists have suggested that emotional memory may be act as a complete process unless an individual is able to retrieve the information associated with a proper(postnominal) incident in the past.Storage of information, or encoding, is simply one component of the entire emotional memory pathway yet the retrieval of specialised information is essential in determining that the entire process has been completed. It has also been suggested that emotional memory is easier to access code over the neutral events, and this is also partly due to the role of amygdala, which influences how the hippocampus functions at such events. In addition to the emotional influence, sleep also sways the brain to remember specific incidents, wherein the amount of sleep can result in a positive or negative condition for memory.According to Sterpenic et al. (2007), memory is influenced by sle ep through the imposition of neural correlates. Through the application of functional magnetic resonance imagery (fMRI), a comparison of neural connections was examined among subjects who were able to sleep for a sufficient amount of time and those who were deprive of sleep. The investigation was designed towards a stage wherein the subjects were allowed to undergo post-encoding, which is one of the two stages of emotional memory. The investigation showed that subjects who have enough hours of sleep had the ability to remember the positive events that occurred.On the other hand, an interesting observation came from those subjects who were subjected to a particular negative event. They observed that regardless of sufficiency or lack of sleep, the subject participant was able to retain the details of the negative event, most probably through the characteristic emotion that was generated from the negative stimuli. another(prenominal) observation gathered by neurobiologists regarding emotional memory was that several regions of the brain were responsible in retaining such details and emotions. The two major brains areas involved in emotional memory were the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex.Specific regions of the cortex that were responsible for emotional memory included the prefrontal cortex, which is also involved in criminality. It seems that negative emotions, such as that involved in emotional memory, are largely stored in this region of the brain. Moreover, fMRI see showed a functional connection between these two regions of the brain and the combinatorial effect of these regions was magnified when the incident is featured with negative stimuli or emotions. It is interesting to know that sleep may also have a selective effect on the memory of an individual.The amygdala was observed to only stimulate the hippocampus for encoding when a negative event has occurred and this happens with or without sleep. On the other hand, a happy incident depart only be stored in the hippocampus if an individual receives enough sleep. Such selective storage of details may be largely influenced by emotions during that particular event, and not simply by the amount of time that an individual was able to sleep. Such kinds of research investigations are thus important in the providing a break up understanding of how emotions influence an individuals memory and ultimately, ones mental condition.It has also been shown that emotions play a major role in the storage of details in the brain. In an investigation that involved manipulation of the context of emotion of subject participants, the activity of the neural networks in the brain was examined. A specific memory tested also allowed the comparison of retrieval capacities of the brain and the research conducted by Smith et al. (2005) showed that the strawman of emotions increased the likelihood that an individual will retain the details of the incident.The emotional memory tested in this study showe d that the actual area of brain involved in this mechanism is the left side of the amygdala, as well as the left side of the frontotemporal region of the cortex. The study also showed that the right side of the amydala and the frontotemporal cortex was not capable enough of storing details of a specific incident, regardless of its coupling to emotions. It is thus possible that when an individual has damaged the left side of his brain, then it is impossible for him to recall any other details of his past.It should also be understood that cognition is mainly based on memory as well as emotion, yet for several yesterday there were not attempts performed into looking into the finer details of the pathway. In addition, there were also only a few reported regarding the interaction of the amygdala and the cortex and on how these two regions responded to each others messages. The advent of high definition imaging technologies such as the magnetic resonance imaging allowed the visualization of internal regions of the brain that were perceived to be unreachable by an other analytical means.ReferencesSmith, A. P. , Henson, R. N. , Rugg, M. D. and Dolan, R. J. (2005). Modulation of retrieval processing reflects accuracy of emotional source memory. Learning and Memory, 12, 472479. Sterpenich, V. , Albouy, G. , Boly, M. , Vandewalle, G. , Darsaud, A. , Balteau, E. , Dang-Vu, T. T. , Desseilles. M. , DArgembeau, A. , Gais, S. , Rauchs, G. , Schabus, M. , Degueldre, C. , Luxen, A. , Collette, F. , Maquet, P. (2007). Sleep-related hippocampo-cortical interplay during emotional memory recollection. PloS Bi

The Declaration of Independence and David Simon Essay Example for Free

The declaration of Independence and David Simon EssayIn this essay, I leave explain what The Declaration of Independence says about the concourses effective to rejoicing and compargon it to David Simons essay in that location Are Now Two Americas. My County is a Horror Show and what he believes about Americans enjoying the same objurgates. David Simon believed that ecstasy involves m singley, bring in and opportunity. Lastly I will give my opinion on what I believe the skillful to pursue happiness involves and means. According to the first draft of The Declaration of Independence, massess rights were being handle by the King. Thomas Jefferson once said mankind is more disposed to suffer, while evils atomic number 18 sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they atomic number 18 accustomed (Jefferson,1), this is telling us that the slew are entirelyo set aheadg the corrupt g everyplacenment to start out over their life and put them t hrough suffering that they do not deserve or want. Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed (Jefferson, 1), this one ruler witticism also known as arbitrary monarchy lets the ruler have full control of everything and has no limits on his wishes or power.This type of government allowed the one ruler or king to wee away peoples right to be heard, seen and last their happiness. One would think that because they live in the United started of America everybody gets treated equally, but in reality, they are wrong. In David Simons essay There Are Now Two Americas. My County is a Horror Show, Simon expresses his take on how Americans are not enjoying the same rights as others and how rich people have taken over the government. Simon also says You witnessed it again with the healthcare debacle in terms of the $450m that was heaved into congress (Simon, 3). He believed that rich people bought the government with their money so they could make more money and be richer. The lower class was ceaselessly fighting to get basic need services such as healthcare and education.Most were at risk of becoming drug addicts and/or homeless. Many immigrants or citizen just wanted to live the American dream, which is considered the opportunity for prosperity and success, and an upward socialmobility that one will achieve through hard work. David Simon believed that money, land or to have opportunity to live a happy life is not based on money. Simon considers that with a minimum wage salary, a small home and a fair government you will be able to pursue and eventually acquired complete or full happiness. He says that the government has notwithstanding helped the working class by raising wages and going into war so they can win more land and build more factories.In his essay, Simon says It took a working class that had no discretionary income at the beginning of the century, which was working on subsistence wages. It turned i t into a consumer class (Simon, 2). The government has converted our people into working animals that only care about making or earning more money to waste it on unnecessary stuff they like but do not need. The engine that drove them to this gullible mentality was the ability to make money and realizing that they are able to afford everything they want and desire even when this desires are not needed.Having a fair society is being able to have moral choices without jeopardizing happiness. Are we all in this together or are we all not? (Simon, 5), David Simon is asking that as Americans we have to work together as a team to ensure everyone has their basic rights and happiness. He believed that capitalism is a unafraid way of making money but it does not solve moral problems. The other thing that was in that respect in 1932, that isnt there now is that some element of the popular will could be denotative through the electoral process in my country (Simon, 5), he goes to say this be cause in 1932 the government bought the elections and the people of America were not able to choose their government.I believe that the right to pursuit happiness involves you speak up when you feel your unalienable rights are being violated. The key word is pursuit, we all have the right to go after the things we want and what we think will make us happy but happiness is not guarantee, is just the ability to look for it. Furthermore, happiness is not an entitlement either. We all have the right to take action for our own happiness as long as ones rights are not being infringed. Unalienable rights are given to all human beings by their creator. It is the governments accountability to protect them without violating them. Finally, live life in a manner that you believe will lead you to happiness.

Theories Of Leadership And Trait Theory

Theories Of drawship And Trait TheoryINTRODUCTIONThe question Are Leaders Born or Made? has been the intimately discussed topic in drawship studies. There has been research related to to the proposing inherited traits of leadership such as Kilpatrick and Locke (1991). However, later in the century, theories surfaced regarding behavioral approaches to leadership. Blake and M come forthon (1964) and Northo maven-valued function (1997) focused on leadership behavior which contradicted the scheme establishing that leadership is just for the chosen few, non accessible to alone concourse. Firstly, we go away discuss what leadership means, then explore research and theories and its relationship with the concept of employee indigence.LEADERSHIPDEFINITIONA LEADERSHIP is a social process in which one individual has the power to actuates the group of others without the use of threat or violenceTHEORIES OF LEADERSHIPThere are 4 basic theories of leadership. Given and expound belowTRA IT suppositionPeoples are born with inherited personal qualities know as traits. approximately(prenominal) traits are particularly suited to leadership.People with having soundly leaders qualities experience sufficient combination of traits.This theory was basically a Psychology one. In which individuals are given importance on their natural or personal characteristics or traits. Importance was given to enhance and discovering those traits in individuals, often by studying made leaders. But with the underlying assumption was if those qualities are to be found in other peoples as intumesce then they, too, could father the talent to become great leaders. Some of the traits and skill to become great leader is given below in the chart.Stogdill (1974) identified the following traits and skills as minute to leadersMcCall and Lombardo (1983) researched both achievement and failure identified four primary traits by which leaders could succeed or derail stirred up stability and com posure Calm, confident and predictable, particularly when under stress.Admitting error Owning up to mistakes, rather than putting capacity into covering up.Good interpersonal skills Able to communicate and persuade others without resort to negative or peremptory tactics.Intellectual breadth Able to understand a wide range of areas, rather than having a compact (and narrow-minded) area of expertise. umteen years back these inherited traits were existence sidelined as learned and internet siteal fixingss are being given due(p) importance and are considered as far more realistic as motive for people in acquiring leader positions. But now they are being given importance as no individual merchant ship become leader if he has non take ind the leadership qualities personally or have learned from experience.SITUATIONAL THEORYThe brilliant reaction of the leader shows in the situational factor.When the decision is required the leader here does not just go into the single preferr ed style such as transactional or transformational because to them things are not as simple as they seem.The factor that can affect this physique of theory is the motivation and cleverness of the chase towards the leader. As the relationship between a leader and the pursuit is another thing in this regard depending on each others behavior among the leader and the retainers.Perception of the leader is also very important in this regard towards his followers because if he has good perception or so his followers than he ill deal calmly otherwise he will threaten his followers to follow him.Yukl (1989) seeks to combine other approaches and identifies six variables dependant effort the motivation and actual effort expended.Subordinate ability and role clarity followers knowing what to do and how to do it.Organization of the bunk the social organisation of the excogitate and utilization of resources.Cooperation and cohesiveness of the group in working to containher.Resources and support the availability of tools, materials, people, etc. outdoor(a) coordination the need to collaborate with other groups.Leaders here work on such factors as orthogonal relationships, acquisition of resources, managing demands on the group and managing the constructions and culture of the group.Tannenbaum and Schmidt (1958) identified three situations affecting leaders action. The forces in the situation the forces in the followers and the forces in leader. This recognizes that the leaders style is really variable and even such contrasted that a family dispute can also affects his perception and working with his followers and can create hostility as well among them.Maier (1963) noted that leaders not tho consider the likelihood of a follower accepting a suggestion, but also the overall importance of getting things done. Thus in critical situations, a leader is more likely to be directive in style simply because of the implications of failure. discriminating THEORYThis theor y goes with the combination of the above two theories namely THE TRAIT THEORY and THE SITUATIONAL THEORY. This deals in having the factor of both the above discussed theories of leadership. To have a successful and friendly environment between the leader and the followers. hyphen THEORYThis theory deals with the behavior of leader himself with his employees or the followers. If the behavior will be good the affect of the good relation of both will portrays on the situation or problem which is considered to be solved. decision maker THEORYIn this theory the manager or the leader has both a high business orientation and a high relationship orientation.COMPROMISING THEORYIn this theory the leader is slimy at making and sticking to decisionsBENEVOLENT AUTOCRAT THEORYIn this theory leader has some trust and regard for his team so is more effective in doing any work.AUTOCRAT THEORYIn this theory the leader has no confidence in others and is unpleasant, overbearing and less effective.DEV ELOPER THEORYIn this theory the leader builds trust on the team implicitly and wants to develop them as people.MISSIONARY graciousle THEORYIn this theory the leader mainly focussed on harmony and cooperation so not as effectiveDESERTER THEORYIn this theory the leader is someone who is uninvolved and withdraw in or from the working or dealing.BEAURAUCRAT THEORYIts basically about the Conscientious of the leader himself that how frequently loyal is he to himself and others.CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERSHIPACCEPTANCE OF RESPONSIBILITY Leader should have the feeling to accept his responsibility.self-importance CONFIDENCE Leader should have the self confidence container to avoid confusions and hesitations during his work.GENERAL CONFIDENCE m oldishiness have the ability to have confidence on plotting or presenting general views on any thing and issues regarding matter. right He must be the strong holder of integrity or honesty to present himself well. information Leader must have the int elligence on and in his work of any type. This would avoid arguments and confusions with his work and employees.SKILLS OF THE LEADERSHIPThere are several characteristics of leadership which are required to become a good leader.ORGANIZATIONAL ABILITY Person must have the ability to organize things and people according to their capability in doing any work.ACCEPTANCE BY PEOPLE AT ALL LEVELS Leader must have the ability to influence all peoples idea towards his own and the ability to accept him as their leader.ENERGY Must have the energy or power to deal with any situation with his followers or employees. back up INITIATIVE IN OTHERS Leader must have the ability to take proper and appropriate actions in different situations without any confusion or hesitation.DELEGATION Must have the input to make delegations and actuate others as well.TACT Should have ability to care and sill in ones behavior to people, to avoid hurting or offending them.SELF-DISCIPLINE Must be disciplined as well fo r causeting an example for his people and to look after them.PROBLEM SOLVING Leader should be able to solve any kind of problem arise during working to set up a leader impression and to be out of mistakes.OLD EMPLOYEE MOTIVATIONIn this qualitative study, the 1950s-1970s work of Frederick Herzberg, the father of work motivational research, was compared, and contrasted with current information study about management effectiveness to explore how employee motivation may have changed. Staff members and managers (N=38), primarily form healthcare settings, but also from academic, public, and private sector businesses were interviewed.Interpersonal relations now range first as a motivating factor in this study. Recognition, the work itself, and responsibility are good-tempered ranked as critical motivating factors. These are important to understand as work is redesigned. back up positive interpersonal relations among subordinates, supervisors, and peers can be viewed as an effective ma nagement strategy to accelerate employee motivation. For employees, developing positive interpersonal relations with co-workers can enhance individual motivation and may reform job satisfaction.CRITICISIM ON THE NOTION OF LEADERSHIP AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CONCEPT OF OLD EMPLOYEE MOTIVATIONThe concept of old employee motivation and its relation with the notion of leadership shall be criticized on the base that in early condemnation people were given important on their realistic things and truths they dont have to learned any thing to acquire leadership, but now a days people have to be more sophisticated creative thinker and broadminded to take good decision and some ages have to be more biased to give their attach to profit and make their order reach to highest peak.People now criticize the thing that old employee motivation was better as compared to now because now managers or we can say leaders are only thinking of themselves while the consentient work is done by the employers as well. But employers are not given due importance in this regard now a day. So the mind set of leadership is creating bad affect in companies now because everyone is equally important in the team work including the manager himself.Peoples or the employees need satisfaction from their managers to get encouraged in their work and so can do much more better work in organization. Today as the advancement is increase the organizations are creating partitions or fields for different work which cause lack of communication between the employees and the manager.alternatively of this the raw(a) employees that come in organizations by recruitment feel really difficult to understand the whole process of the vast organizational functions. This will make them unable to flow proper with the organization. They want to get introduced first to the system before coming its part and this will be very difficult for them if company or organization have many departments in itself.This will c reate a big cattle farm between the new employees and the old existing staff as well. Which later shows disputes between the staff members and the new employees as well.In fact the old concept was to make an organization really family like structure that can be understand by any one whether new or old all should get into the flow of system its basic aim was also to take the whole team together with courage, equality and power so that the organization can get good output results and which boost up the profit of the company or organization.Communication between the manager and the employees creates a friendly environment in which everyone should love to exchange views and share companies problem to get the best possible solution for their company.This was also due to the reason that the employees and manager get in touch more and discuss problems with full swing which is not the part of today occurring management systems.Thus this was a basic weak point of present organizations whic h is affecting the countrys economy as wellCONCLUSIONLeadership is elusive but momentous, passionate but single minded a matter of patience but sudden opportunity, a great struggle for success and finally creating a leader to replace you. As shown in the figure 0.15.http//www.uptecnet.com/rel2/tv/download/TV010407/images/fig15.gifNowadays, most scholars in the field have come to conclude that leaders are both born and made. Many leaders are born with qualities and attributes that assist them in leadership effectiveness. While at the same time development in their childhood and adolescence, education and later work experiences encourage and cultivate leadership abilities. (Bass, 1990 and Conger, 1992)