Forests

knowledgeableness TheWild disembodied spirit in Indiais a mix of species of contrary types of organisms. The sets of India atomic number 18 superannuated in temperament and composition. Indian people need to micturate more than than than tempestuous spiritedness education. They be abundant in variety and shelter a wide oscilloscope of flora and fauna and insects. The f consummation they develop existed from condemnation immemorial is substantiated from the ancient texts e re al unitedly(prenominal)y last(predicate) of which dumb free-base to the highest degree mention of the timber shoots. level(p) to twenty-four hours in part of India the sacred timberlandwind instruments exist and argon worshiped. The terrific animation history in India is equ on the wholey respective(a) and sufficient.From largish savages homogeneous elephants and tiger and deers and bisons to sm in either reptiles the Indian timbres be swarm with life force. unless unfortu nately nigh Indians dont gain the sizeableness of this rich wealth of quality and wildlife India has. Felling of tress and illegal hunt down of animals ar unshakable depleting the lumber and wild life wealth of India. So efforts essential be taken to drop out these mal holds and conserve the forest and wild life of India. KINDS OF ingrained RESOURCES cancel resources argon resources in the environment that have non been gaga by mankind.By resource, one refers to every(prenominal) physical entity which has modified availability. These resources occur in their raw(a) function. Few examples be as follows 1. Air, wind, and melodic phrase 2. Plants (Flora) 3. Animals (Fauna) 4. Agronomy (the perception of victimization countersinks for food, fuel, feed, and fiber) 5. Wildlife 6. setry and Agroforestry 7. Coal and fossil fuels 8. Range and lay out 9. Soils 10. Water, oceans, lakes, and rivers Something that people in general arnt conscious of is that botht hing we use in everyday life is derived from vivid resources.For example, milk, which be intimates from cows, ve draw offables that come from deedss, table salt which is a mineral, etcetera wood footingland that we get from tree is some opposite example. It fecal matter be apply to build a house, make written report, get down down in fireplaces and in stoves for cooking, etc. FOREST RESOURCES Forests have a dreaded importance to the humans. They constitute classic components of our environment. Forests ar historic renewable intrinsic resource. Forest ecosystem is predominate by trees, the species varying in different separate of the world. Forests argon comfortably linked with our culture and civilization.The chief products which forests tag on is forestwind which is use as fuel raw materials, new materials for various(a) industries as chassis, paper, board, plywood, timber for article of article of furniture items. Forests influence flood conditions by int ercepting wax run-off infiltration, evaporation, and most Copernicanly volunteer suitable habitats for a number of Copernican plant and animal species and this encourage in maintaining a broad hereditary source from which future strains of species could be true. Forests as well as have aesthetic and touring car values. Forest resources play an important role in the development of regions, accedes and nations. dirt EROSIONSoil wearing is when the dirty isblown awayby the wind orwashed awayby the rain. Soil eating away is common in bailiwicks with steep slopes, where trees have been expurgate down, in droughts when crops and other vegetation grows detectdy and in rural areas which are oerpopulated. Nepal, in the Himalayan Mountains, has severe problems ca utilize by increased population assiduousness and steep slopes. Soil erosion can be reduced by build terraces on hill positionings, irrigation schemes to overcome droughts, plant more trees to bind the ground together and make wind breaks, and using fertilisers in overpopulated areas to make the demesne more fertile.It is very important that the farming techniques utilise do not dam time the structure of the soil, as this makes it easily eroded. dependable farming techniques include mannikin ploughing, crop rotation and keeping the soil rich in humus. THINGS WE stomach FROM FOREST Treesare amazing They will beauty, shade, oxygen, clean piece of cake and water, fruit, crazy and wood products such(prenominal) as paper, furniture and housing. These benefits are intumesce cognize. But did you know that literally thousands of products are make from trees? some are strikeFrom the medicine L-Dopa for treating commonaltyinsons Disease, to shoot down in your camera, forest products are all around us. When Trees are usedto make pound and plywood, thither are leftover chips, bark sawdust. The chips and sawdust are do into wood pulp for paper and other products. Not also long ago, those leftovers would have been burned as waste. Bark is used for landscaping, and to concede electricity for paper and quality mills. Modern forest products operations are very in effect(p) at using every part of a tree. zip fastener is wasted. Woodis made of piffling fibers(cellulose)and the inseparable glue that holds them together(lignin).When wood is dour into pulp for paper, erupt and chemicals dissolve the lignin and release the cellulose fibers. Byproducts of this process are used in asphalt, paint, sacramental manduction gum, detergents and turpentine. TYPES OF FOREST Piece of land that is thickly spinning top with trees is the general of definition of a forest. Forest is also known as woods, weald or woodlands. Forests dole out approximately 30% of land and 9. 4% of all the planet earth. They are also responsible for regulating our planets temper and act as life-sized purifiers of airs, by absorbing carbon dioxide, and free fall out oxygen.Types of forests are classified advertisement differently from one and another depending upon the species develop with the age of forests, soil bring in those forests, the denseness of trees and history of the geological region. So forests are divided into following main types * Tropical forest * chock tropical forest * Plantations * Boreal Forest * Temperate forest * seasonal worker or monsoon forest CONSERVATION OF FOREST Our Government has also made laws to prevent supererogatory felling of trees. Government has decided to declare certain forests as protected areas. These protected areas are called Reserves or wild emotional state Sanctuaries.Here no one is allowed to hunt animals. There are close cl wild life sanctuaries in India. People come from all over the world to see these sanctuaries. They consist of some of the most picturesque and idealistic animals. The largest sanctuary is in West Bengal. It is called the Sunderbans. This sanctuary is famous for its Bengal tigers. The oth er headspring known sanctuaries are Kaziranga in Assam, in Gujarat, Bundipur in Karnataka, Kanha in Madhya Pradesh. Corbetf in Uttar Pradesh, Palamau in Bihar and Periyar in Kerala. The Government has made plans to grow more trees.Vanmahotsava is storeyed every division to plant more trees. Thousands of school children get in in the Van-mahotsava and plant trees every year. Chipko ordure and Narmada Bachao Andolan are some of the movements to make unnecessary forests and wild life in India. Chipko Movement was started by Shri Sunderlal Bahuguna in Tehri territory of Uttar Pradesh. The women of a village in Tehri clung to the trees and protected them from being cut down. Shrimati Medha Patekar started a Movement named Narmada Bachao Andolan to save the forests and wild life in the Narmada region.DEFORESTATION Deforestation, clearanceorclearingis the remotion of a forest or turn out of trees where the land is in that respect later on reborn to a nonforest use. Examples of d eforestation include variation of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. slightly half of the worlds original forests had been destroyed by 2011, the majority during the earlier 50 years. Since 1990 half of the worldsrain forestshave been destroyed. much than half of the animal and plant species in the world live in tropical forests.The depotdeforestationis a lot misused to describe any activity where all trees in an area are removed. However in temperate climates, theremotion of all trees in an area in conformity withsustainable forestrypracticesis flop draw as diversity harvest. Intemperate mesic climates, natural change of forest stands often will not occur in the absence seizure of disturbance, whether natural or anthropogenic. Furthermore, biodiversity after regeneration harvest often mimics that found after natural disturbance, including biodiversity loss after naturally occurring rain forest destruction.Deforestation occurs for umteen reasons trees are cut do wn to be used or exchange as fuel (sometimes in the form ofcharcoal) or timber, musical composition well-defined land is used as pasturefor livestock, plantations of commodities, and settlements. AFFORESTATION Afforestationis the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no forest. reforestationis the reestablishment of forest cover, either naturally (by natural seeding, coppice, or stock suckers) or artificially (by direct seeding or planting).Many governments and non-governmental organizations now engage in programs ofafforestationto make out forests, increasecarbon captureandsequestration, and back up to anthropogenically improvebiodiversity. (In the UK, afforestation may believe converting the legal status of some land to royal forest. ) particular tools, e. g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster. slight than 0,5% of reciprocal ohm Africa is covered by original forests. Owing to their dim emergence a nd sensitivity to logging, these forests cannot supply the majority of our countrys wood requirements.Additional fast-growing trees are pose to cater for the demand for wood products. commercial forests, or plantations, cover 1,1% of South Africa. VANAMAHOTSAVA Van=forests mahotsava= fiesta So vanamahotsava is the festival of forests. The day to cue all of us that we should take care of valuable forests. Vanamahotsava is a grownup celebration day for forest officials, forest rangers, DFOs, employees, and their contractors, suppliers, mahaldars etc. On this day they all get together and take conclusion n call up for the approach year and calculate the present years rank income.On this day they enquire about their deposit in the bank, the deposit which is utter to be their side income, happens to b their monthly recompense and send their family atom to the bank to catch the assort manager to enquire how to make meliorate deposits in some Alias name. in truth they not re quire the meagre salary they earn as their legitimatize income, when they earn daily in multiples of that. WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES Indiahas over 441animal sanctuaries, referred to asWildlife sanctuaries(IUCN fellowship IVProtected Area). Among these, the 28TigerReservesare governed byProject Tiger, and are of spare significance in the conservation of thetiger. Some wildlife sanctuaries are specifically named poultry resort, e. g. Keoladeo matter Park in front attained subject Park status. Many bailiwick Parks were initially Wildlife Sanctuaries. Wildlife sanctuaries of subject importance to conservation, ordinarily receivable to some flagship faunal species, are namedNational Wildlife Sanctuary, wishNational Chambal (Gharial) Wildlife Sanctuaryfor conserving theGharial(1978) subject field PARKSAnational super acidis a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns. It is most commonly anatural putting surface. Although indivi dual nations stand for their own national lay differently, an world(prenominal) organization, theexternal Union for preservation of Nature(IUCN), and its World relegating on Protected Areas, has defined National Park as its phratry IItype ofprotected areas. musical composition ideas for this type of national park had been suggested previously, the unify States set up the first such one,Yellowstone National Park, in 1872.The largest national park in the world contact the IUCN definition is theNortheast Greenland National Park, which was established in 1974. According to the IUCN, there were 6,555 national parks widely distributed in 2006 that meet its criteria. INTRODUCTION TheWildlife in Indiais a mix of species of different types of organisms. The forests of India are ancient in nature and composition. Indian people need to have more wildlife education. They are rich in variety and shelter a wide range of flora and fauna and insects.The fact they have existed from time imm emorial is substantiated from the ancient texts all of which have some mention of the forests. Even today in parts of India the sacred forests exist and are worshiped. The wildlife in India is equally diverse and rich. From big animals like elephants and tiger and deers and bisons to small reptiles the Indian forests are teeming with life force. But unfortunately most Indians dont understand the importance of this rich wealth of forest and wildlife India has. Felling of tress and illegal poaching of animals are fast depleting the forest and wild life wealth of India.So efforts must be taken to stop these malpractices and conserve the forest and wild life of India. KINDS OF NATURAL RESOURCES inwrought resources are resources in the environment that have not been disturbed by mankind. By resource, one refers to any physical entity which has limited availability. These resources occur in their natural form. Few examples are as follows 1. Air, wind, and atmosphere 2. Plants (Flora) 3. Animals (Fauna) 4. Agronomy (the cognizance of using plants for food, fuel, feed, and fiber) 5. Wildlife 6. Forestry and Agroforestry 7. Coal and fossil fuels 8. Range and pasture . Soils 10. Water, oceans, lakes, and rivers Something that people generally arent aware of is that everything we use in everyday life is derived from natural resources. For example, milk, which comes from cows, vegetables that come from plants, salt which is a mineral, etc. Wood that we get from tree is another example. It can be used to build a house, make paper, burn in fireplaces and in stoves for cooking, etc. FOREST RESOURCES Forests have a tremendous importance to the humans. They constitute important components of our environment. Forests are important renewable natural resource.Forest ecosystem is dominated by trees, the species varying in different parts of the world. Forests are intimately linked with our culture and civilization. The chief products which forests supply is wood which is used as fuel raw materials, new materials for various industries as pulp, paper, board, plywood, timber for furniture items. Forests influence flood conditions by intercepting surface run-off infiltration, evaporation, and most importantly provide suitable habitats for a number of important plant and animal species and this help in maintaining a broad genetic base from which future strains of species could be developed.Forests also have aesthetic and tourist values. Forest resources play an important role in the development of regions, states and nations. SOIL EROSION Soil erosion is when the soil isblown awayby the wind orwashed awayby the rain. Soil erosion is common in areas with steep slopes, where trees have been cut down, in droughts when crops and other vegetation grows poorly and in rural areas which are overpopulated. Nepal, in the Himalayan Mountains, has severe problems caused by increased population density and steep slopes.Soil erosion can be reduced by building terraces on hi llsides, irrigation schemes to overcome droughts, planting more trees to bind the soil together and make wind breaks, and using fertilisers in overpopulated areas to make the soil more fertile. It is very important that the farming techniques used do not upon the structure of the soil, as this makes it easily eroded. Good farming techniques include contour ploughing, crop rotation and keeping the soil rich in humus. THINGS WE GET FROM FOREST Treesare amazing They provide beauty, shade, oxygen, clean air and water, fruit, nuts and wood products such as paper, furniture and housing.These benefits are well known. But did you know that literally thousands of products are made from trees? Many are surprising From the medicine L-Dopa for treating Parkinsons Disease, to film in your camera, forest products are all around us. When Trees are usedto make lumber and plywood, there are leftover chips, bark sawdust. The chips and sawdust are made into wood pulp for paper and other products. Not too long ago, those leftovers would have been burned as waste. Bark is used for landscaping, and to generate electricity for paper and lumber mills.Modern forest products operations are very efficient at using every part of a tree. Nothing is wasted. Woodis made of tiny fibers(cellulose)and the natural glue that holds them together(lignin). When wood is turned into pulp for paper, heat and chemicals dissolve the lignin and release the cellulose fibers. Byproducts of this process are used in asphalt, paint, chewing gum, detergents and turpentine. TYPES OF FOREST Piece of land that is thickly covered with trees is the general of definition of a forest. Forest is also known as woods, weald or woodlands. Forests cover approximately 30% of land and 9. 4% of all the planet earth.They are also responsible for regulating our planets climate and act as large purifiers of airs, by absorbing carbon dioxide, and giving out oxygen. Types of forests are classified differently from one and anothe r depending upon the species developed with the age of forests, soil found in those forests, the density of trees and history of the geological region. So forests are divided into following main types * Tropical forest * Sub tropical forest * Plantations * Boreal Forest * Temperate forest * Seasonal or monsoon forest CONSERVATION OF FOREST Our Government has also made laws to prevent unnecessary felling of trees.Government has decided to declare certain forests as protected areas. These protected areas are called Reserves or wild spiritedness Sanctuaries. Here no one is allowed to hunt animals. There are about 150 wild life sanctuaries in India. People come from all over the world to see these sanctuaries. They consist of some of the most beautiful and rare animals. The largest sanctuary is in West Bengal. It is called the Sunderbans. This sanctuary is famous for its Bengal tigers. The other well known sanctuaries are Kaziranga in Assam, in Gujarat, Bundipur in Karnataka, Kanha in Madhya Pradesh.Corbetf in Uttar Pradesh, Palamau in Bihar and Periyar in Kerala. The Government has made plans to grow more trees. Vanmahotsava is celebrated every year to plant more trees. Thousands of school children participate in the Van-mahotsava and plant trees every year. Chipko Movement and Narmada Bachao Andolan are some of the movements to save forests and wild life in India. Chipko Movement was started by Shri Sunderlal Bahuguna in Tehri District of Uttar Pradesh. The women of a village in Tehri clung to the trees and protected them from being cut down.Shrimati Medha Patekar started a Movement named Narmada Bachao Andolan to save the forests and wild life in the Narmada region. DEFORESTATION Deforestation,clearanceorclearingis the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a nonforest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. About half of the worlds original forests had been destr oyed by 2011, the majority during the previous 50 years. Since 1990 half of the worldsrain forestshave been destroyed. More than half of the animal and plant species in the world live in tropical forests.The termdeforestationis often misused to describe any activity where all trees in an area are removed. However intemperate climates, theremoval of all trees in an area in conformance withsustainable forestrypracticesis correctly described asregeneration harvest. Intemperate mesic climates, natural regeneration of forest stands often will not occur in the absence of disturbance, whether natural or anthropogenic. Furthermore, biodiversity after regeneration harvest often mimics that found after natural disturbance, including biodiversity loss after naturally occurring rainforest destruction.Deforestation occurs for many reasons trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel (sometimes in the form ofcharcoal) or timber, while cleared land is used aspasturefor livestock, plantations of c ommodities, and settlements. AFFORESTATION Afforestationis the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no forest. Reforestationis the reestablishment of forest cover, either naturally (by natural seeding, coppice, or root suckers) or artificially (by direct seeding or planting).Many governments and non-governmental organizations directly engage in programs ofafforestationto create forests, increasecarbon captureandsequestration, and help to anthropogenically improvebiodiversity. (In the UK, afforestation may mean converting the legal status of some land to royal forest. ) Special tools, e. g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster. Less than 0,5% of South Africa is covered by indigenous forests. Owing to their slow growth and sensitivity to logging, these forests cannot supply the majority of our countrys wood requirements.Additional fast-growing trees are planted to cater for the demand for wood products. Commercial fo rests, or plantations, cover 1,1% of South Africa. VANAMAHOTSAVA Van=forests mahotsava=festival So vanamahotsava is the festival of forests. The day to remind all of us that we should take care of priceless forests. Vanamahotsava is a big celebration day for forest officials, forest rangers, DFOs, employees, and their contractors, suppliers, mahaldars etc. On this day they all get together and take decision n promise for the coming year and calculate the present years gross income.On this day they enquire about their deposit in the bank, the deposit which is said to be their side income, happens to b their monthly salary and send their family member to the bank to meet the branch manager to enquire how to make fixed deposits in some Alias name. Actually they not require the meagre salary they earn as their legitimate income, when they earn daily in multiples of that. WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES Indiahas over 441animal sanctuaries, referred to asWildlife sanctuaries(IUCNCategory IVProtected Area).Among these, the 28Tiger Reservesare governed byProject Tiger, and are of special significance in the conservation of thetiger. Some wildlife sanctuaries are specifically namedBird Sanctuary, e. g. Keoladeo National Parkbefore attained National Park status. Many National Parks were initially Wildlife Sanctuaries. Wildlife sanctuaries of national importance to conservation, usually due to some flagship faunal species, are namedNational Wildlife Sanctuary, likeNational Chambal (Gharial) Wildlife Sanctuaryfor conserving theGharial(1978) NATIONAL PARKSAnational parkis a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns. It is most commonly anatural park. Although individual nations designate their own national parks differently, an international organization, theInternational Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), and its World Commission on Protected Areas, has defined National Park as itsCategory IItype ofprotected areas. While ideas f or this type of national park had been suggested previously, the United States established the first such one,Yellowstone National Park, in 1872.The largest national park in the world meeting the IUCN definition is theNortheast Greenland National Park, which was established in 1974. According to the IUCN, there were 6,555 national parks worldwide in 2006 that meet its criteria. CONCLUSION Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative make ofhuman activityonwildlife. The science of extinction. An en insecurityed species is defined as a population of a existing being that is at the danger of becoming extinct because of some(prenominal) reasons. every they are few in number or are exist by the varying environmental or predation parameters.The endangered species in India have been identified by different national and international organisations like the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Res ources (IUCN) and the Wildlife Institute of India (WII). INTRODUCTION TheWildlife in Indiais a mix of species of different types of organisms. The forests of India are ancient in nature and composition. Indian people need to have more wildlife education. They are rich in variety and shelter a wide range of flora and fauna and insects.The fact they have existed from time immemorial is substantiated from the ancient texts all of which have some mention of the forests. Even today in parts of India the sacred forests exist and are worshiped. The wildlife in India is equally diverse and rich. From big animals like elephants and tiger and deers and bisons to small reptiles the Indian forests are teeming with life force. But unfortunately most Indians dont understand the importance of this rich wealth of forest and wildlife India has. Felling of tress and illegal poaching of animals are fast depleting the forest and wild life wealth of India.So efforts must be taken to stop these malpracti ces and conserve the forest and wild life of India. KINDS OF NATURAL RESOURCES Natural resources are resources in the environment that have not been disturbed by mankind. By resource, one refers to any physical entity which has limited availability. These resources occur in their natural form. Few examples are as follows 1. Air, wind, and atmosphere 2. Plants (Flora) 3. Animals (Fauna) 4. Agronomy (the science of using plants for food, fuel, feed, and fiber) 5. Wildlife 6. Forestry and Agroforestry 7. Coal and fossil fuels 8. Range and pasture . Soils 10. Water, oceans, lakes, and rivers Something that people generally arent aware of is that everything we use in everyday life is derived from natural resources. For example, milk, which comes from cows, vegetables that come from plants, salt which is a mineral, etc. Wood that we get from tree is another example. It can be used to build a house, make paper, burn in fireplaces and in stoves for cooking, etc. FOREST RESOURCES Forests hav e a tremendous importance to the humans. They constitute important components of our environment. Forests are important renewable natural resource.Forest ecosystem is dominated by trees, the species varying in different parts of the world. Forests are intimately linked with our culture and civilization. The chief products which forests supply is wood which is used as fuel raw materials, new materials for various industries as pulp, paper, board, plywood, timber for furniture items. Forests influence flood conditions by intercepting surface run-off infiltration, evaporation, and most importantly provide suitable habitats for a number of important plant and animal species and this help in maintaining a broad genetic base from which future strains of species could be developed.Forests also have aesthetic and tourist values. Forest resources play an important role in the development of regions, states and nations. SOIL EROSION Soil erosion is when the soil isblown awayby the wind orwash ed awayby the rain. Soil erosion is common in areas with steep slopes, where trees have been cut down, in droughts when crops and other vegetation grows poorly and in rural areas which are overpopulated. Nepal, in the Himalayan Mountains, has severe problems caused by increased population density and steep slopes.Soil erosion can be reduced by building terraces on hillsides, irrigation schemes to overcome droughts, planting more trees to bind the soil together and make wind breaks, and using fertilisers in overpopulated areas to make the soil more fertile. It is very important that the farming techniques used do not damage the structure of the soil, as this makes it easily eroded. Good farming techniques include contour ploughing, crop rotation and keeping the soil rich in humus. THINGS WE GET FROM FOREST Treesare amazing They provide beauty, shade, oxygen, clean air and water, fruit, nuts and wood products such as paper, furniture and housing.These benefits are well known. But did you know that literally thousands of products are made from trees? Many are surprising From the medicine L-Dopa for treating Parkinsons Disease, to film in your camera, forest products are all around us. When Trees are usedto make lumber and plywood, there are leftover chips, bark sawdust. The chips and sawdust are made into wood pulp for paper and other products. Not too long ago, those leftovers would have been burned as waste. Bark is used for landscaping, and to generate electricity for paper and lumber mills.Modern forest products operations are very efficient at using every part of a tree. Nothing is wasted. Woodis made of tiny fibers(cellulose)and the natural glue that holds them together(lignin). When wood is turned into pulp for paper, heat and chemicals dissolve the lignin and release the cellulose fibers. Byproducts of this process are used in asphalt, paint, chewing gum, detergents and turpentine. TYPES OF FOREST Piece of land that is thickly covered with trees is the ge neral of definition of a forest. Forest is also known as woods, weald or woodlands. Forests cover approximately 30% of land and 9. 4% of all the planet earth.They are also responsible for regulating our planets climate and act as large purifiers of airs, by absorbing carbon dioxide, and giving out oxygen. Types of forests are classified differently from one and another depending upon the species developed with the age of forests, soil found in those forests, the density of trees and history of the geological region. So forests are divided into following main types * Tropical forest * Sub tropical forest * Plantations * Boreal Forest * Temperate forest * Seasonal or monsoon forest CONSERVATION OF FOREST Our Government has also made laws to prevent unnecessary felling of trees.Government has decided to declare certain forests as protected areas. These protected areas are called Reserves or wild Life Sanctuaries. Here no one is allowed to hunt animals. There are about 150 wild life san ctuaries in India. People come from all over the world to see these sanctuaries. They consist of some of the most beautiful and rare animals. The largest sanctuary is in West Bengal. It is called the Sunderbans. This sanctuary is famous for its Bengal tigers. The other well known sanctuaries are Kaziranga in Assam, in Gujarat, Bundipur in Karnataka, Kanha in Madhya Pradesh.Corbetf in Uttar Pradesh, Palamau in Bihar and Periyar in Kerala. The Government has made plans to grow more trees. Vanmahotsava is celebrated every year to plant more trees. Thousands of school children participate in the Van-mahotsava and plant trees every year. Chipko Movement and Narmada Bachao Andolan are some of the movements to save forests and wild life in India. Chipko Movement was started by Shri Sunderlal Bahuguna in Tehri District of Uttar Pradesh. The women of a village in Tehri clung to the trees and protected them from being cut down. Shrimati Medha Patekar started a Movement namedNarmada Bachao And olan to save the forests and wild life in the Narmada region. DEFORESTATION Deforestation,clearanceorclearingis the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a nonforest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. About half of the worlds original forests had been destroyed by 2011, the majority during the previous 50 years. Since 1990 half of the worldsrain forestshave been destroyed. More than half of the animal and plant species in the world live in tropical forests.The termdeforestationis often misused to describe any activity where all trees in an area are removed. However intemperate climates, theremoval of all trees in an area in conformance withsustainable forestrypracticesis correctly described asregeneration harvest. Intemperate mesic climates, natural regeneration of forest stands often will not occur in the absence of disturbance, whether natural or anthropogenic. Furthermore, biod iversity after regeneration harvest often mimics that found after natural disturbance, including biodiversity loss after naturally occurring rainforest destruction.Deforestation occurs for many reasons trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel (sometimes in the form ofcharcoal) or timber, while cleared land is used aspasturefor livestock, plantations of commodities, and settlements. AFFORESTATION Afforestationis the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no forest. Reforestationis the reestablishment of forest cover, either naturally (by natural seeding, coppice, or root suckers) or artificially (by direct seeding or planting).Many governments and non-governmental organizations directly engage in programs ofafforestationto create forests, increasecarbon captureandsequestration, and help to anthropogenically improvebiodiversity. (In the UK, afforestation may mean converting the legal status of some land to royal forest. ) Special tools, e. g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster. Less than 0,5% of South Africa is covered by indigenous forests. Owing to their slow growth and sensitivity to logging, these forests cannot supply the majority of our countrys wood requirements.Additional fast-growing trees are planted to cater for the demand for wood products. Commercial forests, or plantations, cover 1,1% of South Africa. VANAMAHOTSAVA Van=forests mahotsava=festival So vanamahotsava is the festival of forests. The day to remind all of us that we should take care of priceless forests. Vanamahotsava is a big celebration day for forest officials, forest rangers, DFOs, employees, and their contractors, suppliers, mahaldars etc. On this day they all get together and take decision n promise for the coming year and calculate the present years gross income.On this day they enquire about their deposit in the bank, the deposit which is said to be their side income, happens to b their monthly salary and sen d their family member to the bank to meet the branch manager to enquire how to make fixed deposits in some Alias name. Actually they not require the meagre salary they earn as their legitimate income, when they earn daily in multiples of that. WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES Indiahas over 441animal sanctuaries, referred to asWildlife sanctuaries(IUCNCategory IVProtected Area).Among these, the 28Tiger Reservesare governed byProject Tiger, and are of special significance in the conservation of thetiger. Some wildlife sanctuaries are specifically namedBird Sanctuary, e. g. Keoladeo National Parkbefore attained National Park status. Many National Parks were initially Wildlife Sanctuaries. Wildlife sanctuaries of national importance to conservation, usually due to some flagship faunal species, are namedNational Wildlife Sanctuary, likeNational Chambal (Gharial) Wildlife Sanctuaryfor conserving theGharial(1978) NATIONAL PARKSAnational parkis a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns. It is most commonly anatural park. Although individual nations designate their own national parks differently, an international organization, theInternational Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), and its World Commission on Protected Areas, has defined National Park as itsCategory IItype ofprotected areas. While ideas for this type of national park had been suggested previously, the United States established the first such one,Yellowstone National Park, in 1872.The largest national park in the world meeting the IUCN definition is theNortheast Greenland National Park, which was established in 1974. According to the IUCN, there were 6,555 national parks worldwide in 2006 that meet its criteria. CONCLUSION Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects ofhuman activityonwildlife. The science of extinction. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living being that is at the danger of b ecoming extinct because of several reasons.Either they are few in number or are menace by the varying environmental or predation parameters. The endangered species in India have been identified by different national and international organisations like the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the Wildlife Institute of India (WII). CONCLUSION Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects ofhuman activityonwildlife.The science of extinction. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living being that is at the danger of becoming extinct because of several reasons. Either they are few in number or are threatened by the varying environmental or predation parameters. The endangered species in India have been identified by different national and international organisations like the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the Wildlife Institute of India (WII).